Opinions on diesel cars usually disperse. From full aversion to full delight. Delight usually at those owners of the diesel cars, which diesel engines the new new or nearly so. Other owners of diesel engines, помучившись with them one winter, become ardent supporters of "lighters". Trying to be objective, we will consider merits and demerits of diesel engines. So, advantages:
+ availability of fuel;
+ profitability: specific fuel consumption of percent on twenty more low, than at petrol engines;
+ elasticity: on liftings it is not obligatory to you to switch transfer to the lowest, even at decrease in turns of the engine, the moment on wheels does not decrease almost, and you can continue to "pull" on the raised. In other words, to "dance" on pedals and to pull the gear change handle it is possible much less often, than it should to do it by the petrol car, thus speed of the car is almost invariable;
+ reliability: there is no whole system of ignition with its candles, wires and "electricity".
Now a number of lacks (though some lacks, perhaps, are more essential to women, but it does not allow to ignore absolutely them): - the smell of diesel fuel always is present at car salon and consequently, then for a long time remains with you in hair, clothes;
- The raised noise and vibration in salon;
- The worst (in comparison with petrol engines) dynamics of dispersal;
- Complexities under repair;
- High insistence of the diesel engine to quality of oil and fuel, basically to their abrasive ™. It is connected by that diesel engines are made more precisely, than petrol engines, contact pressure in their rubbing parts very high, and the abrasive (which is, by the way, and in gasoline) starts this pressure to "remove". Here very quickly sleeves in cylinders and плунжерные steams also wear out. As a result all gets бочкообразную the form; naturally, the compression and pressure of injection decreases. The engine is got hardly and smokes. High insistence of diesel engines to quality of oil and fuel is their most important lack. From practice follows that the second-hand diesel car of more than two winters normally usually does not work. If the engine is absolutely new, and you will accurately maintain it, maybe, the car will serve to you of year three-four, but hardly it is more.
All Japanese cars happen to automatic transmissions and with "manual" (mechanical). What it is better, it is impossible to tell, as both at those, and others have merits and demerits. Is also cars with semi-automatic transmissions, but they meet seldom, and already at least therefore it is not necessary to buy them. For their repair is not present either spare parts, or experts, the literature.
So, merits and demerits of transmissions. Mechanical transmissions;
+ small losses by twisting moment transfer;
+ possibility to take from the engine everything, on what that is capable;
+ simplicity of repair and service;
+ high durability;
- Complexity in driving;
- Possibility to overload the engine;
- Complexities at a choice of an optimum variant of driving;
- Necessity to change a coupling overlay.
Automatic transmissions:
+ ease of driving, especially in difficult and city conditions;
+ impossibility to overload the engine;
+ the engine always works in an optimum mode;
- The big losses in a box by twisting moment transfer;
- Impossibility, if necessary, to overload the engine;
- Complexity under repair;
- Low durability (the tin pallet very badly perceives blows about road);
- Impossibility to operate the car on a limit of its possibilities; - box automatics too long "thinks".
Summing up, it is possible to tell that for "teapots" and women the automatic transmission is better, and it is better to "racers" and inhabitants of countryside to use cars with mechanical transmissions. If you go day by day on city streets, constantly twitching in stoppers the car with an automatic transmission is, of course, necessary to you. In these conditions "automatic machine" will present to you some superfluous years of life. But if in this city you constantly have a desire somebody to overtake and the first to "leave" from a traffic light buy the car with "mechanics". As regards reliability it is difficult to choose a priority. Yes, in "automatic machine" there are more than details which can break, but at the same time there few the interfaced details which basically and wear out. It is necessary to change regularly oil in "automatic machine", and the automatic transmission will serve to you not one hundred thousand kilometres. But, unfortunately, unintentionally to break "automatic machine" is easier, than a mechanical transmission. On the other hand, to "burn" coupling in this "mechanics" is even easier, and even at very correct driving of the car of an overlay of coupling hardly there are"more than 80000 km. Besides there is still a coupling drive, both a coupling basket, and a coupling disk... Slipping on impassability, you always risk to break something from this list.
There is one more reason concerning reliability of cars of any firms. You, probably, have noticed that the moped at the neighbour breaks each 3 days, a motorcycle at other neighbour - about once a month. Mikrolitrazhnyj car "Запорожец" demands repair only times in 3 months, and "Volga" can not break and the whole year. The same tendency is traced and at Japanese cars ' the more powerfully the car, the less often in it something breaks. It, possibly, is connected with two moments. The first: at movement with usual speed (about 70 km/hour) both "Nissan March" and "Nissan Bluebird" mention, for example, approximately only on 50 horsepowers. But at "March" it almost all its capacity, and at "В1uebird" - about a quarter, i.e. the small car literally all "gives all the best" to go in a stream, and for big is "easy warm-up". Clearly, what of them the first will break. Now we take two Japanese, one - the unmarried student, another - the father of family, the chief of any firm. By what car there will go the student, and on what - the chief? How they will go, and who from them "will fast terminate" the car? Most likely therefore for last year to repair to our firm has got four "Nissans March" and any "Nissan Cedric". The Same it is possible to tell and about models of different engine capacity of other firms: the more the car, the less often it breaks. But, is not present in the perfection world, and gasoline it spends more.
Speaking about cars from the point of view of reliability of work of their engines, first of all it is necessary to note firm "Ъ85ап" cars. (Gasoline, oil) they suffer Russian sloppiness to impropriety long. In this respect engines of other firms cannot be compared to them. Very "strong" оппозитный the engine costs on firm "Subaru" cars. Good gasoline and regular change of qualitative engine oil is required to other engines. And here and it does not help engines of firm "Мitsubishi", with it though that in inside fill in, it it will not add term of life. Strengthens impression about unreliability of engines of this firm that circumstance that cars "Раjero" and "Galant" are popular in that part of young men, for which concept "regular maintenance service" - an empty phrase. As you can see, popularity and reliability not so same. Probably, popularity of cars of firm "Мitsubishi" it is possible to explain that their salons "heaped most up": By quantity of different exotic "features" with salons "Мitsubishi" can argue unless firm "Subaru" salons. But all these musical signals, the electronic thermometers, programmed systems of ventilation and heating do not raise reliability of the car.
So, the most reliable engines - firm "Nissan" engines. But, unfortunately, they and one of the most labour-consuming under repair. To remove the carburettor from Nissan SA-18 engine very long business: for the same time it is possible to remove and put three carburettors of the engine "Touo1a 2Y", for example.
All suspension brackets at any cars about the identical. Their reliability depends on a driving manner, than from a design, if these suspension brackets "макферсоновские" (and they practically such all now much more; the lever do not meet almost though and approach to our roads more). But there are also exceptions. Suspension brackets of the majority of models of firm "Nissan" will annually demand repair, even at very accurate (how much it is possible at our roads) driving. Avoid to buy the car with "a thinking" suspension bracket as rubber pillows instead of springs and the air compressor swinging in them air with a dust and salt of our roads, will create to you an array of problems. Thus it is necessary to consider that rubber, as well as any rubber in general, in these pillows grows old, on it there are cracks, therefore at any moment it is possible to expect that this pillow will blow up. Talk on this theme to drivers of buses "Икарус", or simply look, as these buses move a railway crossing. You will accept such driving on the car? "Air" suspension brackets meet by cars "Subarus". But can quite stand and on new cars of other firms.
The most unreliable boxes-automatic machines are established on all-wheel drive cars of firm "Nissan". If they besides diesel - a situation are even worse. The diesel engine has больший a twisting moment, than petrol at usual turns of switching of a box-automatic machine, i.e. during those moments when automatic machine mechanisms are most vulnerable. But the same automatic machines (they really same) on задаеприводных "Nissans" for some reason do not break. Marvellously automatic machines of cars MMS "Раjero" seldom come to repair. "Marvellously", because, as it was already told, all autorepairmen consider this car bad. Even when our colleague-autorepairman from the USA rolled across Vladivostok, and he has seen going towards to "Rajero", he has exclaimed: "About," Montero "!" - Under such name this car in the USA, and is known further, it is not a lot of generally knowing in Russian, has added: "Kovno!". However, at Americans the requirements to cars which are called "jeep".
Think before to buy cars with turbines. The engine equipped with the turbine is less reliable, than the same engine, but without the turbine. From 10 cars with the diesel engine "Touoj 2L ' only one-two did not have problems with turbines, but they were outlined: the turbine already"drove"oil. The same and with other engines, including with the petrol. But if you all the same very much would like to have the second, after turbine"inclusion", jerk choose the turbine with cooling (from system of cooling of the engine) then it at least will long serve. Such turbines already are. The word"inclusion"is quoted because the gas turbine rotates exhaust gases, and it rotates all time and idling too. But parametres турбокомпрессора which compresses air, are picked up so that only after speed of rotation of the engine will exceed, for example, 3000 rpm, capacity of its exhaust gases will suffice for promotion of the turbine to operating conditions. To 3000 rpm of a shovel турбокомпрессора simply knead air and any work do not make. And here after, for example, 5000 rpm of a shovel of the turbine already disturb to an air stream. In other words, турбокомпрессор carries out to increase the problem air charge in cylinders (that under this air it was possible to "splash" more gasoline) only in very narrow range of work of the engine. To correct this lack, two turbines (Twin Turbo) put, but shovels in them are arranged so that one turbine "works" in one range of turns of the engine, and another - in other. Though both of them spin constantly, right after заводки the engine. After the turbine air it heats up and becomes strong more liquid", i.e. its density decreases. Naturally, in its cylinders, on weight. In this case will get less. To avoid this phenomenon, on many cars put air coolers (Intercooler.).
On some cars instead of турбокомпрессора volume superchargers put. Usually it is the mechanical pump resulted in rotation by a rubber belt from a pulley коленвала. Sometimes by these cars there is an inscription "Super charger". Volume superchargers submit air in all range of turns of the engine, therefore, despite their complexity, these engines more "тяговитые". Especially at low turns of the engine when турбокомпрессоры turn as children's revolving objects and anything, except noise and oil leak, nanoseconds give.
Do not buy cars with "exotic" units. It "Mazda Сosmo" with роторным the engine in which not clearly even to fill in what oil; "Isuzu-Aska" with semi-automatic transmission NАVI-5 oil for which does not need where to be bought since Dextron-2 for it it is not recommended to use. And to repair or even to adjust these cars very difficult, since domestic similar products, also as well as literatures, no. If you have decided to buy the car which in your city meets extremely seldom think of how you will solve a problem of spare parts.
In conclusion of this review of Japanese cars, there are some the figures characterising their reliability. They are received as follows:
From magazine of registration of one of repair trucks were the data about what cars of marks have visited under repair from August, 1996 till April, 1997 is taken If the car came simply on survey or on oil replacement, it did not get to this "mournful" list. Besides, some marks of cars united in one cohort. Well, for example, "Mark II", "Сresta" and "Сhaser" is in general same though their owners and correct each time when them "favourite" name "Mark"; "Саrina", "Sarina-2", "ЕD" and "Е" became simply "Karinoj" and so on. Then, thanks to employees of GAI, the information on that, how many has been received and what cars is in a city, and after simple arithmetic actions we represent you the list of the most reliable cars:
Touot Sarina - 0.10
Touota Sogopa - 0,10
Nissan Bluebird - 0,15
Toуоtа Magk-2 - 0,17
Nissan Skyline - 0,17
Touota Sorolla - 0,18
Тоуоta ТОWN to Asya - 0,19
Nissan Laurel - 0,20
Touota Samry - 0,23
Nissan Vanette - 0,24
For comparison we will notice that "Touoj СROWN" has an indicator 0,35, "Touota Soarer" - 0,93, "Nissan Cedric" - 0,34, well, and "Nonda Prelude" - 0,48. However, it is necessary to notice that people go by cars the different. And the person having "Soarer" of 1993, most likely, will not change a spark plug, unlike the owner of same "Sogopa", even the same year. At table drawing up rare cars were not considered also: for example, two times came to repair of the car "Mazda Rersone", and as them in a city of only 66 pieces "reliability index" has turned out 7,69; or "СROWN Majesta" - under repair was only one, and in a city for their today hardly probable the ten will be typed. And, certainly, different people also go differently. You saw though one "Land Cruiser" which it is quiet and accurate, observing rules, moved along the street?
Now some words about South Korean cars. There are three leading firms on manufacture of cars. "Kia" - lets out the cars compatible to "Mazda", i.e. the engine with "Mazda-Vongo" without alterations is put on "Кia by Vesta". And so all units. Apparently, factory "Kia" lets out cars under the documentation "Mazda"." Нуundai "is a Korean variant Japanese" Мitsubishi ", and" Daewoo "version of the western model" Orel, Service of new Korean cars has shown that they differ from the Japanese prototypes. There, where the Japanese car has two self-cut screws and two plastic latches, "Korean" has four usual screws. And so in all knots. At them fall off pasted a moulding and decorative caps take off from panels. In other words, the Korean cars are collected more "in Russian" Besides they "decay" with much большей in the speed, than "Japanese". The Same new Korean cars which are own working out, instead of completely to copy with Japanese, inspire fear. Judge: at the car "Кia Sportage" (like a jeep!) the back wheel rotates on one (!) conic (!!) The bearing. And it at "cross-country vehicle". Small lateral blow (there was such case) about a border (after drift) - and the brand new car under repair. Now it goes by the bearing of other foreign car, which name of "Zaporozhets". Since on the size its bearing has approached. But on "Zaporozhtse" each wheel rotates on two conic bearings.
For four years new foreign cars (let out the year, two back) got to us to repair only five times: one "Кia Sportage", two "Sarital" and two "Mercedes". New Japanese cars was not. However, maybe, them repair in other places.
All told above concerned new South Korean cars. Second-hand Korean cars as a whole are much worse than second-hand Japanese cars. Usually they are more broken, and it is necessary to guess only in what the reason of it is as roads or in the different relation of the different people to rules and car maintenance instructions. The wheel arrangement concerns conclusive advantages on the left side.
About models of the western manufacture and manufacture of the USA. That them in Primorski Territory to contain much more difficult (absence of service and spare parts) - is well-known. Besides, under the characteristics they, as a rule, are worse than Japanese cars (taking into account the price, it is natural). Certainly, after set of repairs of Japanese cars, you start to look at other cars a little "in Japanese", but the whole world is flooded by Japanese cars, and them buy even to Germany and the USA, it objectively. And then, when compare the western models with Japanese, usually choose prestigious models "Mercedes" or "Volvo" with the engine in volume of 4-5 litres both rather cheap and economic "Mark II" and "Laurel". Under technical decisions Japanese cars, certainly, ahead of all. You can notice that in advertising of expensive, new, western cars there are phrases: "... It is equipped electric стеклоподъемниками, electric management of mirrors!" Etc., that is by all that at Japanese was norm ten years ago, and here only it is introduced and it is advertised. In due time we were very much surprised with an inscription on back glass "Lincoln Town Sagas" (in English, certainly); "Doors are equipped by blocking from opening from within..." And further something about children. And it on "ипсо1п" 1994, and on Japanese cars (almost on all) since 1980 this blocking costs, and already became norm when mother, leaving the child on back сиденьи, moves рычажок at an end face of a back door and closes it. Everything, from within the child the door will not open, it is possible to open only outside. And control panels by the American cars? All is collected in a heap, on one панельку and management of glasses, mirrors and blocking different and still weight of buttons... That something to include, it is necessary to stop and for about a minute all to examine. It is, of course, not so convenient. Or to take "Mercedes"... However, we will not be about it, after all it for many "crystal dream of the childhood", what for about it to respond badly. Purchase of the car of manufacture of the USA or the western countries - it a question only prestige, here a role do not play the other moments.
