Today i wont to tell you about new website about games for nokia phones.
You can find there is most popular games for your mobile phone.
A think you must visit that website...
So, its all. Goodbye!
Welcome to ours "HONDA" club! In our club fans of cars of Honda gather. If you to liking these cars, we will be glad to accept you in the club.
Dec 24, 2010
Nov 25, 2010
New Web Site About Jeep
Hello everybody, my friends!
Today a will tell to everyone about new website about cars. That site right here is locate.
Maybe you not understand about my car, and my self.
But I have must to tell everyone about this site and i think it very interesting for you.
If you wont more some information about cool jeep, you must visit to this very interesting web site, and get from there something interesting information.
Maybe you just getting some wallpapers for your desktop. There is very good wallpapers.
You can get more and more information from that web site.
Just visit! And a promise, you will getting it right here!
Thank you for read this post. A will give to you, my friend, most popular information about cars.
Oh yes! do not forget visit website from this link. Okay? Are you ready for this? Am happy for you.
P.s: please remember, language of that site is russian, and that web site about all jeep is sheet site.
You think what is bad joke? No doubt! This is it!!!
Okay, now i will go to sleep in my bed, and wait for indexation that super sheet site for searching systems and google.
Sorry, if you human and read this post for searching robots. And one more time: Am sorry about it!!!
Today a will tell to everyone about new website about cars. That site right here is locate.
Maybe you not understand about my car, and my self.
But I have must to tell everyone about this site and i think it very interesting for you.
If you wont more some information about cool jeep, you must visit to this very interesting web site, and get from there something interesting information.
Maybe you just getting some wallpapers for your desktop. There is very good wallpapers.
You can get more and more information from that web site.
Just visit! And a promise, you will getting it right here!
Thank you for read this post. A will give to you, my friend, most popular information about cars.
Oh yes! do not forget visit website from this link. Okay? Are you ready for this? Am happy for you.
P.s: please remember, language of that site is russian, and that web site about all jeep is sheet site.
You think what is bad joke? No doubt! This is it!!!
Okay, now i will go to sleep in my bed, and wait for indexation that super sheet site for searching systems and google.
Sorry, if you human and read this post for searching robots. And one more time: Am sorry about it!!!
Oct 9, 2010
If very much not to warm up at least to 40, and then on the move, having included 3 transfer and on speed no more than 40 km/h to the worker.
And so. These boxes (mean trancemission, applied on 190, 126, 124, 123 bodies) work perfectly and are extremely reliable at all times year, except winter. Therefore I tell how not to set trancemission if temperature more low 15 hailstones.
1) It is necessary to heat the car to the WORKER! Temperatures. The masljannyj radiator of a box and двигла same, and a box from двигла further, therefore АКПП gets warm LATER.
2) If very much not to warm up at least to 40, and then on the move, having included 3 transfer and on speed no more than 40 km/h to the worker.
3) Before winter replace oil and the filter. Truism - but result completely not alphabetical - economy of money on repair.
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Now that will be, if it not to do.
In operating system transmission ("brains") there is some kol-in the valves consisting from plastic part and which open from pressure. At dense oil pressure above and plastic part if you get drive with proslipping, breaks. The consequence - пружинка with plastic splinters flies by further and broken gear wheels. As forward an inclusion/deenergizing gear wheel too from plastic - it breaks. Result - the box does not switch transfer either above 2, or quickly reinput with 2 on 4. If so to do a bit of travelling - friction clutches and repair under the full program are planted.
For those who likes all to do itself - I in general would advise before winter to reduce working pressure upon a half-turn.
1) It is necessary to heat the car to the WORKER! Temperatures. The masljannyj radiator of a box and двигла same, and a box from двигла further, therefore АКПП gets warm LATER.
2) If very much not to warm up at least to 40, and then on the move, having included 3 transfer and on speed no more than 40 km/h to the worker.
3) Before winter replace oil and the filter. Truism - but result completely not alphabetical - economy of money on repair.
скачать фильм 2012 |
скачать фильм eagles 1994 видео hell freezes over-1994 скачать
Now that will be, if it not to do.
In operating system transmission ("brains") there is some kol-in the valves consisting from plastic part and which open from pressure. At dense oil pressure above and plastic part if you get drive with proslipping, breaks. The consequence - пружинка with plastic splinters flies by further and broken gear wheels. As forward an inclusion/deenergizing gear wheel too from plastic - it breaks. Result - the box does not switch transfer either above 2, or quickly reinput with 2 on 4. If so to do a bit of travelling - friction clutches and repair under the full program are planted.
For those who likes all to do itself - I in general would advise before winter to reduce working pressure upon a half-turn.
"Transmissionnoe oil in an automatic transmission is usually replaced through each 60 thousand in km." (From "Repair manuals and to maintenance service"). About for what, why as as, tell the master of firm "Automatic Transmission Group".
Automatic transmission, established on Ford Scorpio, has no drain aperture. Plums transemission liquids it is carried out too much the pallet at its removal. Take care of suitable capacity.
Technicians - the people serious, as well as the goddess of the Technician to whom they worship. The technics does not suffer discrepancy, or, God forbid, any jokes. It is extremely exact in everything, including language, that is terminology. It is told "the gate", means, "gate" and "shabrits". And if, on the contrary, it is written: "to dissolve", there is no place to disappear - it is necessary to plant...
About terminology
Conversation on it has come not casually. From the point of view of the terminology, the phrase of "Management" resulted by us "does not hold out" a little. Smells slightly, excuse, technical.
And business consists in the following. In automatic transmissions fill in at all oil, and liquid specially developed for these purposes for automatic transmissions that proves to be true English-speaking abbreviation ATF (automatic transmission fluid), always present on packing of the given product.
It would seem, what difference - oil or a liquid? On the contrary. The difference is, and essential. In the technician it is accepted to name oil the substance used first of all for greasing of rubbing surfaces of details and mechanisms. Unlike it, applied in transemission the liquid carries out set of other functions, to oil at all the unusual. And it works in other-wordly for motor and transemissions oils conditions. Here about it also we will talk.
For what?
Basic difference of automatic transmissions from mechanical is that at car movement between cranked shaft of the engine and primary shaft transemission there is no rigid communication. The role of known coupling here is assigned by all to device already known to us - the hydrodynamic transformer. It carries out transfer of a twisting moment from the engine to a box. The main character, i.e. a working body, is АTF.
Besides it ATF it is used for transfer of operating pressure upon friction clutches of multidisk couplings, causing inclusion of this or that transfer.
In the course of work knots and mechanisms transemission test serious thermal loadings. The temperature on a surface of friction clutches at the moment of transfer switching reaches 300-4000 S.Proishodit intensive heating of the hydrotransformer. At driving in a total power mode its temperature can reach 1500 With.
Maintenance of a heat-conducting path from transemission and heat dump in atmosphere occur also with the help transemission liquids.
Besides, ATF should still, without being oxidised at high temperatures and without foaming, to provide greasing wool mechanisms, bearings and the other details subject friction and formation. For this purpose in a liquid add the whole complex of additives. And to show the properties to the full it should in all range of admissible working temperatures: from-40 to +1500 With.
One I peep prepares, one erases, one children brings up... Hard!
And you speak: oil...
Why?
Chemists-technologists have wonderfully well tried, creating "an artful" liquid, but nevertheless could not provide such resource of its work yet that at car operation it would be possible to forget about existence ATF.
To that there are some reasons.
First, even if automatic transmission is tight and has no leaks, at operation the quantity of a liquid decreases owing to carrying out of its steams through system of ventilation of cavities automatic transemission, supplied with the valve - "droper". Therefore at maintenance service it is necessary to add transemission a liquid to operational level
This procedure to execute simply if transemission has a tube for control of level of a liquid with щупом. Many modern transemission are not equipped. It is especially characteristic for the European manufacturers, persistently trying to discharge the inept automobile owner (and those at them, probably, the majority) of service of personal technics. Secondly, at long operation transemissions the liquid loses sooner or later the physical and chemical properties so necessary for it for execution of numerous useful functions. Owing to evaporation of easy fractions there is an increase in its viscosity above admissible level. Develop the resource miracle additives.
The transmissionnaja liquid during all term of operation in normally working box should remain pure. Little change of its colour is supposed only - it darkens.
The dirty black liquid with a specific smell of burning - an indicator of that is necessary to a box not liquid replacement, and serious repair.
Experts recommend to change oil after run by the car of 50-70 thousand in km if the car is maintained in a usual mode, and through 30-40 thousand in km - at very intensive ("police") driving. Once again pay attention that the indication to liquid replacement is not its colour, but only size of run of the car. If, of course, transemission it is serviceable.
The recommended mark transemissions usually is underlined to a liquid in manual on repair and technical service the car. If this information is inaccessible, it is useful to know the following. Despite a variety of trade marks, that is necessary for you, always has on packing an abbreviation "ATF". The Most often meeting mark ATF Р Dexron (usually with the Roman figures I, II or III). The more the figure, the above quality of a liquid also is more modern an automatic box in which it is used. For cars of mark of Ford it is recommended to use liquid Dexron-Mercon. These liquids, as well as the overwhelming majority available now on sale, are made on a mineral basis and have red colour. All of them, as a rule, are compatible with each other.
As usual, the French manufacturers developing for some cars ATF of yellow and green colours try to be original. To mix them with liquids native to us of red colour insistently it is not recommended, and that it will come to no good...
Recently in the market has appeared ATF on a synthetic basis (Synthetic ATF). The accompanying engineering specifications assert that "synthetics" provides good fluidity at temperatures to-480 With, the best stability at high temperatures and the increased term of operation. Thus synthetic transemissions the liquid is completely compatible with mineral ATF (besides unlike synthetic engine oil).
Cost of one litre of "synthetics" - about 10 US dollars while the litre mineral ATF costs 3-4 dollars.
To recommend it to application "anywhere" we will not risk. This business, as they say, a head and a purse. If synthetics use is especially stipulated "by the Management..." (For example, for transemission type 5HP30 with which some marks of cars of BMW), here business sacred are equipped - it is necessary to go on heavy expenses.
In total in transemission various types can refuel from 7 to 15 litres трансмиссионной liquids. However it at all does not mean that for replacement it is necessary for you to get such mad quantity ATF. Here basic difference of process of replacement of a liquid from engine oil change in the engine is shown.
The matter is that at replacement ATF you will manage to merge no more than 50 % from total amount. Yours dexterity and ability at anything - these are design features transemission. Completely to change transemissions a liquid it is possible only at full dismantling of a box. Before to go to shop, attentively study engineering specifications. Sometimes in it full volume ATF, sometimes the volume which is subject to replacement is underlined. Do not forget to get a new filtering element also.
How?
To merge transemissions liquid it is necessary from heated-up transemissionfor what before сливом it is necessary to pass on the car of tens - another of kilometres.
Take care of safety measures: the liquid temperature can be very high. As a rule, for plum provide a drain stopper, but...
... Today, probably, not our day. To us has not carried. More truly, has not carried to master Michael Guljutkinu efficiently arranged on a chair under car: the box of mark А4LD by which the car of Ford Scorpio is equipped, has no drain stopper. Have really forgotten? The reasonable assumption that it not forgetfulness, and protection against the fool has been come out: you want to merge - turn off the pallet. You will turn off - you will see the filter.
In some designs transemission, for example, on cars Mercedes, possibility plum transemissions liquids not only from the pallet, but also from the hydrotransformer through a carving cap is provided.
Having removed the pallet, do not hasten to wash out it. At first look, whether is not present on its internal surface of the extraneous adjournment testifying to mechanical deterioration of details transemission. Presence of insignificant quantity of a metal dust on the catching magnet placed in a corner of the pallet is supposed only.
At service of separate types transemission, having opened the pallet, you will not find out a filtering element. Do not worry - happens and so. For example, in a box of mark AW50-40 LE established on Opel Vectra, the filter it is located so that can be replaced only at box major repairs.
Mounting a new filtering element, do not forget to establish all linings and the sealing rings entering into the complete set of the filter.
After refuelling of demanded quantity ATF, establish the selector of modes transemission in demanded for check of level of a liquid position and check up it at the working engine.
Having made a short-term trip, repeat measurement and finish level to norm. Examine the pallet about absence of leaks.
Technicians - the people serious, as well as the goddess of the Technician to whom they worship. The technics does not suffer discrepancy, or, God forbid, any jokes. It is extremely exact in everything, including language, that is terminology. It is told "the gate", means, "gate" and "shabrits". And if, on the contrary, it is written: "to dissolve", there is no place to disappear - it is necessary to plant...
About terminology
Conversation on it has come not casually. From the point of view of the terminology, the phrase of "Management" resulted by us "does not hold out" a little. Smells slightly, excuse, technical.
And business consists in the following. In automatic transmissions fill in at all oil, and liquid specially developed for these purposes for automatic transmissions that proves to be true English-speaking abbreviation ATF (automatic transmission fluid), always present on packing of the given product.
It would seem, what difference - oil or a liquid? On the contrary. The difference is, and essential. In the technician it is accepted to name oil the substance used first of all for greasing of rubbing surfaces of details and mechanisms. Unlike it, applied in transemission the liquid carries out set of other functions, to oil at all the unusual. And it works in other-wordly for motor and transemissions oils conditions. Here about it also we will talk.
For what?
Basic difference of automatic transmissions from mechanical is that at car movement between cranked shaft of the engine and primary shaft transemission there is no rigid communication. The role of known coupling here is assigned by all to device already known to us - the hydrodynamic transformer. It carries out transfer of a twisting moment from the engine to a box. The main character, i.e. a working body, is АTF.
Besides it ATF it is used for transfer of operating pressure upon friction clutches of multidisk couplings, causing inclusion of this or that transfer.
In the course of work knots and mechanisms transemission test serious thermal loadings. The temperature on a surface of friction clutches at the moment of transfer switching reaches 300-4000 S.Proishodit intensive heating of the hydrotransformer. At driving in a total power mode its temperature can reach 1500 With.
Maintenance of a heat-conducting path from transemission and heat dump in atmosphere occur also with the help transemission liquids.
Besides, ATF should still, without being oxidised at high temperatures and without foaming, to provide greasing wool mechanisms, bearings and the other details subject friction and formation. For this purpose in a liquid add the whole complex of additives. And to show the properties to the full it should in all range of admissible working temperatures: from-40 to +1500 With.
One I peep prepares, one erases, one children brings up... Hard!
And you speak: oil...
Why?
Chemists-technologists have wonderfully well tried, creating "an artful" liquid, but nevertheless could not provide such resource of its work yet that at car operation it would be possible to forget about existence ATF.
To that there are some reasons.
First, even if automatic transmission is tight and has no leaks, at operation the quantity of a liquid decreases owing to carrying out of its steams through system of ventilation of cavities automatic transemission, supplied with the valve - "droper". Therefore at maintenance service it is necessary to add transemission a liquid to operational level
This procedure to execute simply if transemission has a tube for control of level of a liquid with щупом. Many modern transemission are not equipped. It is especially characteristic for the European manufacturers, persistently trying to discharge the inept automobile owner (and those at them, probably, the majority) of service of personal technics. Secondly, at long operation transemissions the liquid loses sooner or later the physical and chemical properties so necessary for it for execution of numerous useful functions. Owing to evaporation of easy fractions there is an increase in its viscosity above admissible level. Develop the resource miracle additives.
The transmissionnaja liquid during all term of operation in normally working box should remain pure. Little change of its colour is supposed only - it darkens.
The dirty black liquid with a specific smell of burning - an indicator of that is necessary to a box not liquid replacement, and serious repair.
Experts recommend to change oil after run by the car of 50-70 thousand in km if the car is maintained in a usual mode, and through 30-40 thousand in km - at very intensive ("police") driving. Once again pay attention that the indication to liquid replacement is not its colour, but only size of run of the car. If, of course, transemission it is serviceable.
The recommended mark transemissions usually is underlined to a liquid in manual on repair and technical service the car. If this information is inaccessible, it is useful to know the following. Despite a variety of trade marks, that is necessary for you, always has on packing an abbreviation "ATF". The Most often meeting mark ATF Р Dexron (usually with the Roman figures I, II or III). The more the figure, the above quality of a liquid also is more modern an automatic box in which it is used. For cars of mark of Ford it is recommended to use liquid Dexron-Mercon. These liquids, as well as the overwhelming majority available now on sale, are made on a mineral basis and have red colour. All of them, as a rule, are compatible with each other.
As usual, the French manufacturers developing for some cars ATF of yellow and green colours try to be original. To mix them with liquids native to us of red colour insistently it is not recommended, and that it will come to no good...
Recently in the market has appeared ATF on a synthetic basis (Synthetic ATF). The accompanying engineering specifications assert that "synthetics" provides good fluidity at temperatures to-480 With, the best stability at high temperatures and the increased term of operation. Thus synthetic transemissions the liquid is completely compatible with mineral ATF (besides unlike synthetic engine oil).
Cost of one litre of "synthetics" - about 10 US dollars while the litre mineral ATF costs 3-4 dollars.
To recommend it to application "anywhere" we will not risk. This business, as they say, a head and a purse. If synthetics use is especially stipulated "by the Management..." (For example, for transemission type 5HP30 with which some marks of cars of BMW), here business sacred are equipped - it is necessary to go on heavy expenses.
In total in transemission various types can refuel from 7 to 15 litres трансмиссионной liquids. However it at all does not mean that for replacement it is necessary for you to get such mad quantity ATF. Here basic difference of process of replacement of a liquid from engine oil change in the engine is shown.
The matter is that at replacement ATF you will manage to merge no more than 50 % from total amount. Yours dexterity and ability at anything - these are design features transemission. Completely to change transemissions a liquid it is possible only at full dismantling of a box. Before to go to shop, attentively study engineering specifications. Sometimes in it full volume ATF, sometimes the volume which is subject to replacement is underlined. Do not forget to get a new filtering element also.
How?
To merge transemissions liquid it is necessary from heated-up transemissionfor what before сливом it is necessary to pass on the car of tens - another of kilometres.
Take care of safety measures: the liquid temperature can be very high. As a rule, for plum provide a drain stopper, but...
... Today, probably, not our day. To us has not carried. More truly, has not carried to master Michael Guljutkinu efficiently arranged on a chair under car: the box of mark А4LD by which the car of Ford Scorpio is equipped, has no drain stopper. Have really forgotten? The reasonable assumption that it not forgetfulness, and protection against the fool has been come out: you want to merge - turn off the pallet. You will turn off - you will see the filter.
In some designs transemission, for example, on cars Mercedes, possibility plum transemissions liquids not only from the pallet, but also from the hydrotransformer through a carving cap is provided.
Having removed the pallet, do not hasten to wash out it. At first look, whether is not present on its internal surface of the extraneous adjournment testifying to mechanical deterioration of details transemission. Presence of insignificant quantity of a metal dust on the catching magnet placed in a corner of the pallet is supposed only.
At service of separate types transemission, having opened the pallet, you will not find out a filtering element. Do not worry - happens and so. For example, in a box of mark AW50-40 LE established on Opel Vectra, the filter it is located so that can be replaced only at box major repairs.
Mounting a new filtering element, do not forget to establish all linings and the sealing rings entering into the complete set of the filter.
After refuelling of demanded quantity ATF, establish the selector of modes transemission in demanded for check of level of a liquid position and check up it at the working engine.
Having made a short-term trip, repeat measurement and finish level to norm. Examine the pallet about absence of leaks.
Oils for automatic transmissions
Oils for automatic transmissions ZF Oil for AКПП ZF ЗHР22, 4HР22, 4HР22ЕH, 4HР24 The note: For transmissions A4S 31 OR (THM-R1).A4S270R (THM-R1w) with the black tablet Also it is necessary to use the following listed more low, oils for АКПП. Oils for ДКПП BMW (АТ it is possible to get through a sales department of spare parts Trade mark Hомер of a detail of BMW Packing Oil for АКПП 81 22 9 400 272 Banks of 1 litre Oil for АКПП 81229400275 Butts of 60 litres The list of the certified oils for ДКПП (ATF) Trade mark the Manufacturer/supplier _____ ADDIMOL ATF D III ADDIMOL MIMБRLжL GMBH. KRUMPA/D AGIP ATF II D AGIP PETRGLI SPA. RGM/I AGIP DEXRGM III AGIP PETPGLI SPA. PGM/I AGIP ATF D 309 AGIP PETPGLI SPA. PGM/I AUTGL GETPIEBEжL ATF III D AGIP SCHMIEPTECHMIK. WMPZBUPG/D AUTGL GETPIBEжL ATF-D AGIP SCHMIEPTECHMIK. WMPZBUPG/D ARAL GETP^L ATF 55 F-30589 ARAL AG. BGCHUM/D ARAL GETRIEBEжL ATF 22 ARAL AG. BGCHUM/D AVIA FLUID ATF 86 AVIA MIMERAb^L AG. МмМСHЕМ/D
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BLASOL 229 BLASER SWISSLUBE. HASLE-RMEGSAU/CH FRONTOL UNIVERSAL ATF 100 BP OIL DEUTSCHLAND, HAMBURG/D AUTRAM MBX BP OIL IMTERMATIOMA. LOMDOM/GB MOTOREX ATF SUPER D-22656 BUCHEP+CIE AG. LAMGEMTHAL/CH MOTOPEX ATF DEXROM III MC BUCHER+CIE AG. LAMGEMTHAL/CH CIDISGL-HYDR.-FLUID DEXRGM IID C.J. DIEDERICHS SwHME. WUPPERTAL/D PAMATIC FLUID 289 CALPAM GMBH. ASCHAFFEMBUPG/D CALPAMATIC FLUID III F CALPAM GMBH. ASCHAFFEMBUPG/D CALTEX ATF-HDA CALTEX PETPGLEUM CGPP. LGMDGM/GB CASTPGL TQ-D (22765) CASTPGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CASTPGL TPAMSMAXZ CASTPGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CASTPGL TQ-D (21289) CASTPGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CASTPGL ATF 21293 CASTPGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CASTPGL TQ DEXPGM III F-30520 CASTPGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CEPSA ATF-70 CEPSA. MADPID/E ATF DMM DE GLIEBPGM B.V. ZWIJMDPECHT/ML ATF 289 DE OLIEBROM B.V. ZWIJMDRECHT/ML DEA FLUID 3003 DEA MIMERAb^L AG. HAMBURG/D DEA FLUID 401 1 DEA MIMERAb^L AG. HAMBURG/D DEAMATIC DEA MIMERAb^L AG. HAMBURG/D MAC ATF D-21666 DEUTSCHE SHELL AG. HAMBURG/D UMIMATIC DUCKHAMS GIL. BRGMLEY/GB TRAMSAMTAR DF2 ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F ELFMATIC G3 ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F TRAMSAMTAR DF3 ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F ELFMATIC G2 22329 ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F HUILE REMAULT DIESEL STARMATIC ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F AMTAR 22329 ELF LUBRIFIAMTS. PARIS/F ELLMG-AUTGMATIK-FLUID 22233 ELLER-MGMTAM-CGMP. DUISBURG/D TRAMSMISIGMES AUTGMATICAS D2 ERTGIL SA. MADRID/E ESSG ATF D (21065) ESSG AG. HAMBURG/D ESSG ATF D (21611) ESSG AG. HAMBURG/D ESSG ATF F-30320 ESSG AG. HAMBURG/D FIMAMATIC II-D FIMA EUROPE SA. BRMSSEL/B SILKTRAM MP-ATF FUCHS LUBRICANTS (UK). DERBY/GB TITAN ATF 4000 FUCHS MINERAbKLWERKE. MANNHEIM/D YORK LT 785 GINOUVES GEORGES SA. LA FARLEDE/F ATF 2 GULF OIL LTD. CHELTENHAM/GB KENDALL ATF DEXRON IID HANDEL-MIJ NOVIOL B.V. NIJMEGEN/NL HOMBERG-GETRIEBE-FLUID D HOMBERG GMBH+CO KG. WUPPERTAL/D IGOL ATF 420 IGOL FRANCE. PARIS/F INA-ATF SUPER INA D.D. RAFINERIJA ZAGREB/YU TRANSMISSION FLUID DX ITALIANA PETROLI. GENOVA/I SELECTOL FLUID GETR^L IID 23 KФPPLER К. STUTTGART/D DEUTZ OEL ATF-D Kb^CKNER ENERGIEHANDEL GMBH. K^N/D ATF DEXRON IID KROON OIL BV. ALMELO/NL ALMIROL ATF KROON OIL BV. ALMELO/NL 08 AUTO 15 KUWAIT PETROLEUM. HOOGVLIET/NL 08 AUTO 14 (II D-21883) KUWAIT PETROLEUM. HOOGVLIET/NL Q8 AUTO 14 (II D-21677) KUWAIT PETROLEUM. HOOOVLIET/ML LEPRIMXOL FLUID CM LEPRIMCE+SIVEKE GMBH. HERFORD/D MEGOL ATF IID LIQUI MGLY/MEGUIM. ULM/D INTER GIL INTER MATIC ATF D2 MAURAN SA. GDARS/F PENNASGL FLUID-GETR^L TYP PCN MIN^L.RAFFIN. DGLLBERGEN. UETZE/D MGBIL ATF 220 D21412/D22187 MGBIL GIL.WEDEL/D MGBIL ATF 220 D20104/D21685 MGBIL GIL.WEDEL/D CARRIER ATF MGL HUNGARIAN GIL. KGMARGN/H LIGUIMATIC Dll MGRRIS LUBRICANTS. SHREWSBURY/GB TASSILIA NAFTEC. ALGIER/DZ NANHAI ATF (D2) NANHAI SUPERIGR LUB-GIL. CHINA GALAX MATIC DAC NIS-RAFINERIJA NAFTE BEGGRAD/YU ATF T401 1 GEST G. MIN^LWERK. FREUDENSTADT/D GMV ATF D II (D22427) GMV-AG. SCHWECHAT/A GMV ATF III (F-30580) GMV-AG. SCHWECHAT/A GPTIMGL ATF T 4011 GPTIMGL>KLWERKE. HAMBURG/D UNIVERSAL ATF-D OSWALD KLUTH. BARGFELD-STEGEM/D MULTIPURPOSE TPAMSM. FLUID IID PAKELO MOTOR OIL. SAM BONIFACIO/I PAMOLIM ATF MULTI 21996 PAMOLIM JOINT-STOCK COMPANY. MADETSWIL/CH AERO-LINE ATF-D PRINZ-SCHULTE. FPECHEN/D AERO-LINE ATF-2 PRINZ-SCHULTE. FRECHEN/D REPSOL MATIC ATF REPSOL DISTRIBUCION SA. MADRID/E OULF ATF Dll D-22233 S.A.E.L. ALCOBENDAS/E WINTERSHALL ATF D SCHMIERSTOFFRAFFINERIE SALZBEROEN/D ASEOL ATF DB UNIVERSAL SHELL ASEOL JOINT-STOCK COMPANY. BERN/CH SHELL DONAXTA (D-21666S) SHELL INTERNATIONAL. LONDON/OB MADIT AUTOMATIC SLOVNAFT JS CO. BRATISLAVA/SLO DEXRON 2 D SONOL ISRAEL LTD. HAIFA/IL SOPRAL 164 SOPROORASA SA. MADRID/E TECNOL TECMATIC D2 STL TECNOL. ESCALQUENS/F SUNAMATIC 149 SUN OIL COMPANY. AARTSELAAR/B SUNAMATIC 153 SUN OIL COMPANY. AARTSELAAR/B TRANSWAY DX III (F-30373) SVENSKA STATOIL AB. NYNФSHAMM/STAMOIL ATF II D TAMOIL LUBES. GEMEVA/CH ATF MERCOM / DEXROM III TEXACO LUBRICANTS COMP. BEACON/USA TEXAMATIC 9226 TEXACO SERVICES LTD. BRMSSEL/B TEXAMATIC 4291 TEXACO SERVICES LTD. BRMSSEL/B TEXAMATIC 401 1 TEXACO SERVICES LTD. BRMSSEL/B TEXAMATIC 4261 TEXACO SERVICES LTD. BRMSSEL/B TEXAMATIC 7080 TEXACO SERVICES LTD. BRMSSEL/B TOTAL FLUIDE AT 42 TOTAL RAFFINAOE DISTR. PARIS/F TOTAL FLUIDE IID TOTAL RAFFINAOE DISTR. PARIS/F TOTAL FLUIDE ATX TOTAL RAFFINAOE DISTR. PARIS/F TOTAL FLUIDE ATD TOTAL SOUTH AFRICA. JOHANNESBURO/ZA TURBO UNIV. ATF MERCON 401 1 TURBOTANK BwSCHE+BwDEKER. BREMEN/D UFALUB ATF UFANEFTECHIM REFINERY. UFA/PUS UNIL MATIC CN T401 1 UNIL DEUTSCHLAND OMBH. BREMEN/D VALVOLINE MULTI-PURPOSE ATF VALVOLINE INC. LEXINOTON/USA VALVOLINE ATF TYPE D VALVOLINE INTERNAT. DORDRECHT/NL MOVARA ATF-OETRIEBE>KL DIID VEBA OEL JOINT-STOCK COMPANY. OELSENKIRCHEN/D VEEDOL ATF-M (22764) VEEDOL IMTERMATIOMAL. SWIMDOM/GB VEEDOL UMITRAMS Z VEEDOL IMTERMATIOMAL. SWIMDOM/OB VEEDOL ATF DEXROM III F-30521 VEEDOL IMTERMATIOMAL. SWIMDOM/OB YACCO ATF D YACCO SA. ST PIERRE-LES-ELBEUF/F DIVIMOL FLUID 666 ZELLER+OMELIM OMBH&CO. EISLIMOEM/D ZF ECOFLUID "A" ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEM AO/D Oil for ДКПП ZF A5S 310Z (5HР-18) The note: At automatic transmissions A5S 310Z it is necessary to spend distinction between; - АКПП, filled in with periodically replaced oil. Distinctive sign - the black tablet on картере transmissions. For the given type of a transmission regular replacement of oil is required, see The form of procedural works of BMW. - АКПП, filled in with oil on all service life. Distinctive sign - the green tablet on картере transmissions and Green stopper маслоналивного apertures. For the given type of a transmission replacement of oil is not required during All service life. In case of repair work on a site of a transmission or oil Transmission radiator it is necessary to use only the certified трансмиссионное oil on all service life. The prevention! Transmissionnoe oil on all service life can be used only For transmissions of certain type (the green tablet) also should not To mix up or be replaced with other oils for АКПП as it will lead To transmission exit out of operation. Oil for АКПП (the true tablet; Trade mark Hомер of a detail of BMW Packing Oil for АКПП 81 22 9 400 272 Banks of 1 litre Oil for АКПП 81229400275 Butts of 60 litres The list of the certified oils for АКПП (ATF) Trade mark the Manufacturer/supplier _____ ADDIMOL ATF D III ADDIMOL MIMBRAb^L GMBH. KRUMPA/D AGIP DEXROM III AGIP PETRGLI SPA. PGM/I AUTGL GETPIEBbKL ATP III D AGIP SCHMIEPTECHMIK. WMPZBUPG/D ARAL GETP^L ATP 55 P-30589 ARAL AG. BGCHUM/D MGTGREX ATP DEXRGM III MC BUCHER+CIE AG. LAMGEMTHAL/CH CALPAMATIC PLUID III P CALPAM GMBH. ASCHAPPEMBURG/D CASTRGL TQ DEXRGM III P-30520 CASTRGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB CASTRGL TRAMSMAXZ CASTRGL LTD. SWIMDGM/GB ATP DMM DE GLIEBRGM B.V. ZWIJMDRECHT/ML DEA PLUID 3003 DEA MIMERAb^L AG. HAMBURG/D TRAMSAMTAR DP3 ELP LUBRIPIAMTS. PARIS/P ELPMATIC G3 ELP LUBRIPIAMTS. PARIS/P ESSO ATF D (21065) ESSO AG. HAMBURG/D ESSO ATF F-30320 ESSO AG. HAMBURG/D TITAN ATF 4000 FUCHS MIMERAbKLWERKE. MAMMHEIM/D ALMIRGL ATF KRGGM GIL BV. ALMELG/ML G8 AUTG 15 KUWAIT PETRGLEUM. HGGGVLIET/ML GMV ATF III (F-30580) GMV-AG. SCHWECHAT/A PAMGLIM ATF DEXRGM III PAMGLIM AG. MADETSWIL/CH TRAMSWAY DX III (F-30373) SVEMSKA STATGIL AB. MYl^SHAMM/S ATF MERCGM / DEXRGM III TEXACG LUBRICANTS CGMP. BEACGM/USA ТЕХДМДТ1С 7080 ТЕХДСО SERVICES LTD, BRMSSEL/B TGTAL FLUIDE AT 42 TGTAL RAFFIMAGE DISTR. PARIS/F VEEDGL ATF DEXRGM III F-30521 VEEDGL IMTERMATIGMAL. SWIMDGM/GB VEEDGL UMITRAMS Z VEEDGL IMTERMATIGMAL. SWIMDGM/GB ZF ECOFLUID "A" ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEM AG/D Oil on all service life for АКПП with the green tablet; Trade mark Hомер of a detail of BMW Packing Esso LT 71 141 83 22 9 407 807 Canister of 20 litres.
What is automatic transemission?
Automobile automatic transmissions - the intense and difficult mechanisms of rather specific design. The liquid serves in them not only greasing, but also the working body testing high power loadings along with the big differences of temperatures (to 170 degrees). Successfully carry out such functions the only specially developed products which for brevity can be designated abbreviation ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) can.
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The main property which the liquid for automatic transmissions should possess, - the high fluidity especially necessary at low temperatures. Therefore as a basis usually use маловязкие the mineral oils corresponding to a class 5W on SAE. And that at heating such oil did not turn in "водичку", into it enter the synthetic thickener which action is shown only in a zone of high temperatures. For giving to an end-product of special characteristics in it include also target additives: friction modifiers, противоизносные and противозадирные additives, antioxidants, antifoamy agents, and also the substances interfering swelling of rubber consolidations. It is possible to consider all listed structure ATF developed and traditional, however recently it satisfies designers ever less.
With progress of technics of the requirement to physical properties of liquids continuously grow, transition from mineral oils as a basis on synthetic therefore looks logical. Today there are already very many grades commodity ATF, prepared on the basis of "synthetics". Their distribution restrains only one circumstance - the raised cost though in certain degree it is compensated by longer service life.
In spite of the fact that liquids for automatic КП are made by many firms and in many countries, the uniform classification system for this production does not exist yet. Practically everyone large автомобилестроительная the firm which is letting out automatic transmissions, has the standard schemes on this question. But requirements of developing technics are uniform for everything, therefore basic differences between numerous qualifying systems are not present. As a matter of fact, all of them cопоставимы, and absence of the uniform standard only creates complexities for the consumer having only one document - the factory instruction to the car. However and it is possible to see generalising approaches and tendencies which have developed historically in this situation. Whether trailblazers and главны ми adherents automatic to it is shy transfers at all times were American ав томобилестроите at appreciable leadership корпо portable radio sets of "Dzheneral Motors" (GMC). On its classification the liquid, исполь зовавшаяся in 60 70th years, had marks "type And", at "Ford" the product of the same appointment called ся "type F" (with operational it is possible to consider these points of view ATF equivalent). With on чала 80 "Dzheneral Motors" has appropriated a bone used the Jew registered тор говую mark "Deksron-II" (Dex ron-II), and "Ford" - mark "Measures a game" (Mercon). Have been accordingly reconsidered and ужесто чены technical requirements to recommended ATF.
Eventually "Deksron-II" repeatedly was exposed to modernisation. In the beginning there was "Deksron-IID", and since 1990 - "Deksron-IIE" who in 1993 became obligatory for all new cars GMC with automatic boxes. Couple of years working out of the newest product which has received a designation of "Deksron-III" back has been finished. As to "Ford" in 1994 it also has reconsidered the specification and has entered the modified executions
The big and prestigious American cars with boxes-automatic machines have the circle of buyers and disperse worldwide. Accordingly and instructions of their manufacturers on applicability of technical liquids are known everywhere. But make liquids not автомобилестроительные, and the oil refining companies. And at them the network of the enterprises, which in each country on local automobile factories though, of course, consider also motor pool structure. As a result there was a situation when each grade commodity ATF satisfies to specifications of many motor-car manufacturers that is necessarily marked on firm labels. Here, for example, a liquid "Tramsmax S" it is known firms "Кастрол" (Castrol): it corresponds to qualifying categories "Deksron-IID", "Ford Merkon", "Mercedes Benz 236.8", "Katerpiller ТР2" and several more. All it is specified on everyone bank, therefore to the buyer who has taken packing in hands, it is necessary to find only (or not to find) in the list those marks which are ordered by the instruction to its car.
It is characteristic that the designation under the specification "Dzheneral Motors" is present on labels practically always, and it is at times serves as a good reference point. We will tell, the instruction of your "Mercedes" orders a product with a firm index "236.6" and "Deksron-IID" is simultaneously admitted, and on offered bank the designation "Mercedes Benz 236.8" is specified you. It is a pity, but figures do not converge. However on a label marks of "Deksron-IIE" appear also, and from told above it is known that on gradation of "Dzheneral Motors" this step above. Hence, the given liquid even is better recommended, only it for certain is hardly more expensive.
But we will address to a widespread case, when the reserved or casually bought liquid more low a rank, than recommended. The decision should be categorical - to use it is impossible. However position happens also desperate. How to be? If the car far not new, with solid run it is difficult to assume that a discount "on one step" causes disastrous consequences. Nevertheless at the first possibility it is necessary to get and fill in a product of demanded quality. Well and more serious deviation from instructions it is not necessary to suppose under no circumstances.
Especially it is necessary to underline that ATF it is impossible to replace with any other technical liquids or oils, be they of the highest level at the direct application. For this reason liquids for boxes-automatic machines are painted in red colour which is swept well up. The mess in this question can manage the expensive.
In summary some words about domestic ATF. A variety here is not present. In due time the mark And ", approximately similar" to type And "under the specification" Dzheneral Motors "has been mastered". It is not cancelled and to this day. There was also a product with marks "МГТ", made on THAT 38.101103-87 later. At it about the same qualitative level. On sale, and especially on firm services, they meet seldom, and an approach principle to them all the same: to correlate their application to instructions of manufacturer of your car. An approach principle to them all the same: to correlate their application to instructions of manufacturer of your car.
скачать фильм немой свидетель онлайн 1994
The main property which the liquid for automatic transmissions should possess, - the high fluidity especially necessary at low temperatures. Therefore as a basis usually use маловязкие the mineral oils corresponding to a class 5W on SAE. And that at heating such oil did not turn in "водичку", into it enter the synthetic thickener which action is shown only in a zone of high temperatures. For giving to an end-product of special characteristics in it include also target additives: friction modifiers, противоизносные and противозадирные additives, antioxidants, antifoamy agents, and also the substances interfering swelling of rubber consolidations. It is possible to consider all listed structure ATF developed and traditional, however recently it satisfies designers ever less.
With progress of technics of the requirement to physical properties of liquids continuously grow, transition from mineral oils as a basis on synthetic therefore looks logical. Today there are already very many grades commodity ATF, prepared on the basis of "synthetics". Their distribution restrains only one circumstance - the raised cost though in certain degree it is compensated by longer service life.
In spite of the fact that liquids for automatic КП are made by many firms and in many countries, the uniform classification system for this production does not exist yet. Practically everyone large автомобилестроительная the firm which is letting out automatic transmissions, has the standard schemes on this question. But requirements of developing technics are uniform for everything, therefore basic differences between numerous qualifying systems are not present. As a matter of fact, all of them cопоставимы, and absence of the uniform standard only creates complexities for the consumer having only one document - the factory instruction to the car. However and it is possible to see generalising approaches and tendencies which have developed historically in this situation. Whether trailblazers and главны ми adherents automatic to it is shy transfers at all times were American ав томобилестроите at appreciable leadership корпо portable radio sets of "Dzheneral Motors" (GMC). On its classification the liquid, исполь зовавшаяся in 60 70th years, had marks "type And", at "Ford" the product of the same appointment called ся "type F" (with operational it is possible to consider these points of view ATF equivalent). With on чала 80 "Dzheneral Motors" has appropriated a bone used the Jew registered тор говую mark "Deksron-II" (Dex ron-II), and "Ford" - mark "Measures a game" (Mercon). Have been accordingly reconsidered and ужесто чены technical requirements to recommended ATF.
Eventually "Deksron-II" repeatedly was exposed to modernisation. In the beginning there was "Deksron-IID", and since 1990 - "Deksron-IIE" who in 1993 became obligatory for all new cars GMC with automatic boxes. Couple of years working out of the newest product which has received a designation of "Deksron-III" back has been finished. As to "Ford" in 1994 it also has reconsidered the specification and has entered the modified executions
The big and prestigious American cars with boxes-automatic machines have the circle of buyers and disperse worldwide. Accordingly and instructions of their manufacturers on applicability of technical liquids are known everywhere. But make liquids not автомобилестроительные, and the oil refining companies. And at them the network of the enterprises, which in each country on local automobile factories though, of course, consider also motor pool structure. As a result there was a situation when each grade commodity ATF satisfies to specifications of many motor-car manufacturers that is necessarily marked on firm labels. Here, for example, a liquid "Tramsmax S" it is known firms "Кастрол" (Castrol): it corresponds to qualifying categories "Deksron-IID", "Ford Merkon", "Mercedes Benz 236.8", "Katerpiller ТР2" and several more. All it is specified on everyone bank, therefore to the buyer who has taken packing in hands, it is necessary to find only (or not to find) in the list those marks which are ordered by the instruction to its car.
It is characteristic that the designation under the specification "Dzheneral Motors" is present on labels practically always, and it is at times serves as a good reference point. We will tell, the instruction of your "Mercedes" orders a product with a firm index "236.6" and "Deksron-IID" is simultaneously admitted, and on offered bank the designation "Mercedes Benz 236.8" is specified you. It is a pity, but figures do not converge. However on a label marks of "Deksron-IIE" appear also, and from told above it is known that on gradation of "Dzheneral Motors" this step above. Hence, the given liquid even is better recommended, only it for certain is hardly more expensive.
But we will address to a widespread case, when the reserved or casually bought liquid more low a rank, than recommended. The decision should be categorical - to use it is impossible. However position happens also desperate. How to be? If the car far not new, with solid run it is difficult to assume that a discount "on one step" causes disastrous consequences. Nevertheless at the first possibility it is necessary to get and fill in a product of demanded quality. Well and more serious deviation from instructions it is not necessary to suppose under no circumstances.
Especially it is necessary to underline that ATF it is impossible to replace with any other technical liquids or oils, be they of the highest level at the direct application. For this reason liquids for boxes-automatic machines are painted in red colour which is swept well up. The mess in this question can manage the expensive.
In summary some words about domestic ATF. A variety here is not present. In due time the mark And ", approximately similar" to type And "under the specification" Dzheneral Motors "has been mastered". It is not cancelled and to this day. There was also a product with marks "МГТ", made on THAT 38.101103-87 later. At it about the same qualitative level. On sale, and especially on firm services, they meet seldom, and an approach principle to them all the same: to correlate their application to instructions of manufacturer of your car. An approach principle to them all the same: to correlate their application to instructions of manufacturer of your car.
Dispersal and kick-down
The gear change moment in an automatic box depends on speed of the car, loading on the engine, from that, smoothly or sharply you press on акселепратор and, certainly, from position рачага the selector (it has such name as it is intended for a choice of an operating mode of a box). During movement if you add "gas" gradually, smoothly pressing on an accelerator, everyone following (i.e. the higher) transfer will join, as soon as engine turns become sufficient for transition to it, and car dispersal thus occurs smoothly. If you press a pedal sharply предачи begin to be switched a little later, and dispersal will be more intensively. On automatic transmissions of last years of release there are switches of a mode of dispersal: N-normal (or Е - economic) and S - sports.
This device compulsorily includes the lowest transfer and allows to reach the greatest acceleration. A work principle: sharply press a gas pedal against the stop, then sharply release - transfer joins нисшая and by the further pressing a pedal the car is dispersed with the maximum acceleration. When the necessary speed will be reached, gas is dumped - the higher transfer, for example, the fourth after the third again joins. At a short-term stop it is enough to release a pedal of an accelerator and to brake the car a foot brake. The selector lever thus remains in position for movement (D, S, L). But necessarily keep the car on a place, having pressed a brake pedal, differently the car can get under way, especially if idling turns raised (for example, in a cold season). Such feature of automatic transmission: even idling transfer of the turning moment to driving wheels is not excluded completely. At more long stop with the switched off engine translate the lever on position N. Having stopped on lifting, keep the car a foot brake. Maneuvering in the limited space, supervise movement slightly releasing a brake pedal.
Каждому покупателю подарок, биксенон
For an automatic box it is reduced to check of level of oil, oil and filter replacement. In automatic boxes it is possible to use only special oil ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid). Attempts to fill in something another comes to an end equally - with breakage. ATF it is possible to distinguish from others easily: it of reddish colour and almost flavourless. Oil replace, as a rule, through each 60t/km of run simultaneously with the filter. If the car is maintained under trying conditions, it is recommended to do it more often - through each 30t/km without replacement of the filter and each 60t/km - together with the filter. If oil is merged, at all do not start the engine and do not tow the car. While in service the automatic transmission needs adjustments. Strict performance of recommendations about leaving and operation guarantees its non-failure operation during long time (250000 km of run and more).
Kick-Down
This device compulsorily includes the lowest transfer and allows to reach the greatest acceleration. A work principle: sharply press a gas pedal against the stop, then sharply release - transfer joins нисшая and by the further pressing a pedal the car is dispersed with the maximum acceleration. When the necessary speed will be reached, gas is dumped - the higher transfer, for example, the fourth after the third again joins. At a short-term stop it is enough to release a pedal of an accelerator and to brake the car a foot brake. The selector lever thus remains in position for movement (D, S, L). But necessarily keep the car on a place, having pressed a brake pedal, differently the car can get under way, especially if idling turns raised (for example, in a cold season). Such feature of automatic transmission: even idling transfer of the turning moment to driving wheels is not excluded completely. At more long stop with the switched off engine translate the lever on position N. Having stopped on lifting, keep the car a foot brake. Maneuvering in the limited space, supervise movement slightly releasing a brake pedal.
towed
Broken car can be towed, only having established the lever in position N with a speed no more than 50 km/hour on растоянии not over 100 km. If it is required to translate the car on большее distance, it is necessary to dismantle the driveshaft or to "hang out" driving wheels. And about one. There is an opinion that the engine of the car with automatic transmission cannot be started up from "tow". It not so. Establish the lever in position N, include ignition. In cold weather once press a gas pedal to enrich a mix and begin movement on a tow. Having reached speed 30km/ch for cold трнсмиссии and 50km/ch for heated-up, move in such rate not less than two minutes to create in transmission necessary pressure of oil. Then translate the lever in position L and after the engine will start to rotate, press a gas pedal. As soon as the motor will earn, return the lever on "neutral". If in some seconds the engine does not earn, do not persist - translate the lever on N, differently can put a box out of action. At repeated attempt it is necessary to "drag" again the car any time for "neutral", then again to repeat the described actions. As start the engine, скатывая the car on a slope. Remember that while the engine has not earned, amplifiers of a wheel and brakes do not operate, therefore for management the raised efforts be required.Maintenance service
Каждому покупателю подарок, биксенон
For an automatic box it is reduced to check of level of oil, oil and filter replacement. In automatic boxes it is possible to use only special oil ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid). Attempts to fill in something another comes to an end equally - with breakage. ATF it is possible to distinguish from others easily: it of reddish colour and almost flavourless. Oil replace, as a rule, through each 60t/km of run simultaneously with the filter. If the car is maintained under trying conditions, it is recommended to do it more often - through each 30t/km without replacement of the filter and each 60t/km - together with the filter. If oil is merged, at all do not start the engine and do not tow the car. While in service the automatic transmission needs adjustments. Strict performance of recommendations about leaving and operation guarantees its non-failure operation during long time (250000 km of run and more).
Transmission work and Modes.
Р - a parking. In this position it is included Transmission a brake keeping the car during parking. The engine idles. It is enough this brake out of the blue. Otherwise at first tighten a manual brake and then include трансмиссионнный - the River In this position of the lever it is possible to start the engine.
R - a backing. This position the following on a lever course. It can be included only at a full stop of the car, differently breakages not to avoid.
N - a neutral. Here all is clear: rotation from the engine is not transferred to driving wheels and not braked car can freely slide. In the given position, as well as position Р, engine start-up is possible. During car movement to include a neutral it is not recommended. But if it nevertheless has occurred, it is necessary to dump gas and only after will fall оботы, include the necessary transfer.
Цены на ремонт ремонт без покраски.
D - movement. Position for driving. In this case optimum power setting and car movements in normal conditions is provided. In an automatic mode all transfers (usually their four) consistently join. The car begins movement with the second transfer (in Mercedes-Benz of last releases - from the first transfer) is is caused by hydrotransformer work. The first transfer if necessary includes only "kik-daun". Braking by the engine in the given position of the lever is enough effective.
S (or figure 3) - a range of hill-climbing gears. In this position it is recommended to translate the lever on road with small liftings and descents. The higher transfer in this case - the third. The first transfer can be included with the help "kik-daun". In position S braking by the engine even more effectively, than in position D.
L (or figure 2) - the second range of hill-climbing gears. It is used for driving under trying conditions, for example, in mountains. In this position the first joins only (for трогания from a place) and the second transfers. Braking by the engine is even more effective, than in position S. If at a set of speed to move the lever in position S, and then back in L the second transfer joins earlier.
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It is necessary to notice that it is possible to translate the lever of the selector of an automatic transmission from position D in S and even in L (accordingly 3 or 2) during movement, for example, at overtaking. But as this moment will join lowering transfer, there is a danger to "overwind" the engine. That it has not occurred, on labels on a speedometer scale supervise speed limit on the given transfer, or watch engine turns on a tachometre if that is available. In some modern models of cars, for example, Volvo 960, an automatic transmission has special mode W (winter-winter).
R - a backing. This position the following on a lever course. It can be included only at a full stop of the car, differently breakages not to avoid.
N - a neutral. Here all is clear: rotation from the engine is not transferred to driving wheels and not braked car can freely slide. In the given position, as well as position Р, engine start-up is possible. During car movement to include a neutral it is not recommended. But if it nevertheless has occurred, it is necessary to dump gas and only after will fall оботы, include the necessary transfer.
Цены на ремонт ремонт без покраски.
D - movement. Position for driving. In this case optimum power setting and car movements in normal conditions is provided. In an automatic mode all transfers (usually their four) consistently join. The car begins movement with the second transfer (in Mercedes-Benz of last releases - from the first transfer) is is caused by hydrotransformer work. The first transfer if necessary includes only "kik-daun". Braking by the engine in the given position of the lever is enough effective.
S (or figure 3) - a range of hill-climbing gears. In this position it is recommended to translate the lever on road with small liftings and descents. The higher transfer in this case - the third. The first transfer can be included with the help "kik-daun". In position S braking by the engine even more effectively, than in position D.
L (or figure 2) - the second range of hill-climbing gears. It is used for driving under trying conditions, for example, in mountains. In this position the first joins only (for трогания from a place) and the second transfers. Braking by the engine is even more effective, than in position S. If at a set of speed to move the lever in position S, and then back in L the second transfer joins earlier.
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It is necessary to notice that it is possible to translate the lever of the selector of an automatic transmission from position D in S and even in L (accordingly 3 or 2) during movement, for example, at overtaking. But as this moment will join lowering transfer, there is a danger to "overwind" the engine. That it has not occurred, on labels on a speedometer scale supervise speed limit on the given transfer, or watch engine turns on a tachometre if that is available. In some modern models of cars, for example, Volvo 960, an automatic transmission has special mode W (winter-winter).
Don't look at gift horse's mouth. And if for this "horse" you pay the big money? Then that is necessary not what to look With to study, check, carp... About in what "teeth" it is necessary to glance, buying the second-hand car with an automatic box, the director of firm "Automatic Transmission Group" Vladimir Drozdovsky tells. Which repairs especially "successful" acquisitions.
Don't look at gift horse's mouth. And if for this "horse" you pay the big money? Then that is necessary not what to look With to study, check, carp... About in what "teeth" it is necessary to glance, buying the second-hand car with an automatic box, the director of firm "Automatic Transmission Group" Vladimir Drozdovsky tells. Which repairs especially "successful" acquisitions.
All good, as it is known, - from laziness. If not laziness, what at us, at hardworking, now was? Anything would not be! Neither wheels, nor an electricity, a remote control. Especially - an automatic transmission. Because the normal driver not begins to facilitate to itself life in such doubtful ways - it will pull habitually and strainedly the switch handle. And only deeply lazy people at first have invented АКП, and now buy cars with "automatic machine". If you from their number then read further. However, we will make a reservation: time you are adjusted to "indulge" yourselves further with convenient management, are not lazy now, at car survey. Otherwise "the old woman with the automatic machine" will present to you many unpleasant surprises.
First of all it is necessary to understand with the years "old women". Average resource АКП makes 200-300 thousand in km or 10-15 years then the box really starts to grow old. While it does not affect its work, but will pass some months, and the new owner of such car with surprise will find out that on it have palmed off "much the best thing". Therefore about the first our prevention: buying the car with considerable run or is elderly about 10 years and more, it is necessary to be ready to that "automatic machine" long will not stretch.
In reduced service life АКП results also a sports way of driving, and also use of the car as the tractor (pay attention to presence of the towing device or traces of its installation). At purchase of such cars it is better to prefer cars with the touched transmission.
Thus it is desirable to learn, where she got over, what "illnesses" suffered, as it have repaired. Patiently see all papers and listen to stories of repairmen as to know the car biography - completely not superfluous.
But we will assume that you not the admirer of the restored veterans, you love "погорячее" and have chosen almost new (as the former owner assures) the car. How to estimate real condition АКП?
The first check. At the idle engine get щуп boxes and look at colour of oil. At run in 200 thousand in km oil should be dark brown and slightly transparent even if it never changed. And here dense black oil says that the box should be repaired. Do not forget also that in an automatic box it is impossible to change oil completely. Even if to remove the pallet and a cover of the block of valves, it is possible to replace only 50 percent (and 80 percent in "Mercedes" - as there are the second drain stopper in the hydrotransformer). Completely to replace oil in АКП, it needs to be disassembled. Therefore if you see on щупе not understanding АКП devstvenno-pure oil, be not under a delusion: "father" of your "bride" has obviously garbled cards.
Not bad to check up and oil level. Get the engine and, having walked by all positions АКП, establish the selector in position I RUB (or ТNУ With on cars of firm "Crysler" or front-wheel variants "Mitsubishi"). Then measure oil level on the minimum turns of idling. Too low or too high level says that the former owner of the car simply did not understand the technician: operation with wrong level of oil can lead to serious problems with АКП. However, do not forget that with heating (or cooling) oil level in a box essentially changes - to 50 mm. Necessarily check up, at least наощупь how much oil has heated up. Consider that щупы happen different: on one there are labels only for cold oil (+200С), on others With for hot (+60... 700С), and on the third With both those, and others.
The automatic box should react to all orders easily and easy. Start the engine, disconnect the conditioner, brake the car working brakes and translate selector AKP from position "N" serially in position "D" or "R". Thus, without a delay, there should be an inclusion of transfer to a little push forward or back.
If pushes appear strong do not hasten to accuse АКП of all mortal sins. The raised turns of idling of the engine, and also breakage of support of the power unit can be the reason of similar blows. But if you have noticed a delay of inclusion of transfer (more than 3-5 seconds), mean АКП is faulty. We will assume that the box has passed all previous tests successfully, it is necessary to sweep only. For this purpose it is necessary to choose an equal horizontal site of road. The car should get under way smoothly, without pushes and jerks, and to behave as at consecutive transition to higher transfers. However, jerks and pushes are not the main thing. Proslipping - here основный a sign faulty АКП. By sharp pressing an accelerator pedal at speed to 100 km/hour АКП it should be switched to lower transfer.
If there is a possibility, put the car on a viewing hole or the lift and look on АКП from below - whether there are no there oil smudges? Oil leaks, when to a box is obvious нездоровится.
But here there was of what you most of all were afraid. "Automatic machine" should be repaired. We will count up, such pleasure how many can cost. For a partition removed АКП without cost of spare parts you should pay from 300 to 800 dollars. The price depends on a place of repair, qualification of experts and guarantee certificates. Removal and installation АКП will manage to you in the sum from 150 to 600 dollars (complexity of operation, drive type etc.) . Will cost how many spare parts, to tell difficultly: a price range From 300-3.000 dollars depending on quantity of spare parts. In general, figures sad, also are said by them that is cheap you in any way will not get off. But you easily will expose the potboilers who with gross spelling mistakes repaired and have collected your car: such repair leads to failure АКП already in the first 2-3 days of operation. If on you have palmed off on a detail with latent defects (microcracks, porosity, manufacturing techniques infringement) will understand more difficult: these "surprises" are shown during 2-3 or even 2-6 months, and go understand, whether repairmen are guilty, whether you are not able to address with car.
Usually owners of repaired boxes (80 % addressing) throughout several months marked individual failures АКП. Then also there was a breakage in АКП instead of while the car has absolutely ceased to go. Therefore at occurrence of any short-term malfunctions necessarily address in specialised services on service and repair АКП. Start up you will be reinsured and once again will change oil. But it is much better, than to rise in any backwoods and not to know, what to do.
Some councils: at proslipping occurrence on any of transfers try to exclude this transfer from work АКП, operating a pedal of an accelerator and the selector of switching of modes. If the car does not get under way, remember what to tow the faulty car it is possible only at speed to 50 km/hour on distance of 50 km (the formula 50 х 50). In need of distant towage it is necessary to disconnect the driveshaft (semiaxes). And is better to tow such car with full loading.
We hope that you will not miss with purchase and last council long is not useful to you.
All good, as it is known, - from laziness. If not laziness, what at us, at hardworking, now was? Anything would not be! Neither wheels, nor an electricity, a remote control. Especially - an automatic transmission. Because the normal driver not begins to facilitate to itself life in such doubtful ways - it will pull habitually and strainedly the switch handle. And only deeply lazy people at first have invented АКП, and now buy cars with "automatic machine". If you from their number then read further. However, we will make a reservation: time you are adjusted to "indulge" yourselves further with convenient management, are not lazy now, at car survey. Otherwise "the old woman with the automatic machine" will present to you many unpleasant surprises.
First of all it is necessary to understand with the years "old women". Average resource АКП makes 200-300 thousand in km or 10-15 years then the box really starts to grow old. While it does not affect its work, but will pass some months, and the new owner of such car with surprise will find out that on it have palmed off "much the best thing". Therefore about the first our prevention: buying the car with considerable run or is elderly about 10 years and more, it is necessary to be ready to that "automatic machine" long will not stretch.
In reduced service life АКП results also a sports way of driving, and also use of the car as the tractor (pay attention to presence of the towing device or traces of its installation). At purchase of such cars it is better to prefer cars with the touched transmission.
Thus it is desirable to learn, where she got over, what "illnesses" suffered, as it have repaired. Patiently see all papers and listen to stories of repairmen as to know the car biography - completely not superfluous.
But we will assume that you not the admirer of the restored veterans, you love "погорячее" and have chosen almost new (as the former owner assures) the car. How to estimate real condition АКП?
The first check. At the idle engine get щуп boxes and look at colour of oil. At run in 200 thousand in km oil should be dark brown and slightly transparent even if it never changed. And here dense black oil says that the box should be repaired. Do not forget also that in an automatic box it is impossible to change oil completely. Even if to remove the pallet and a cover of the block of valves, it is possible to replace only 50 percent (and 80 percent in "Mercedes" - as there are the second drain stopper in the hydrotransformer). Completely to replace oil in АКП, it needs to be disassembled. Therefore if you see on щупе not understanding АКП devstvenno-pure oil, be not under a delusion: "father" of your "bride" has obviously garbled cards.
Not bad to check up and oil level. Get the engine and, having walked by all positions АКП, establish the selector in position I RUB (or ТNУ With on cars of firm "Crysler" or front-wheel variants "Mitsubishi"). Then measure oil level on the minimum turns of idling. Too low or too high level says that the former owner of the car simply did not understand the technician: operation with wrong level of oil can lead to serious problems with АКП. However, do not forget that with heating (or cooling) oil level in a box essentially changes - to 50 mm. Necessarily check up, at least наощупь how much oil has heated up. Consider that щупы happen different: on one there are labels only for cold oil (+200С), on others With for hot (+60... 700С), and on the third With both those, and others.
The automatic box should react to all orders easily and easy. Start the engine, disconnect the conditioner, brake the car working brakes and translate selector AKP from position "N" serially in position "D" or "R". Thus, without a delay, there should be an inclusion of transfer to a little push forward or back.
If pushes appear strong do not hasten to accuse АКП of all mortal sins. The raised turns of idling of the engine, and also breakage of support of the power unit can be the reason of similar blows. But if you have noticed a delay of inclusion of transfer (more than 3-5 seconds), mean АКП is faulty. We will assume that the box has passed all previous tests successfully, it is necessary to sweep only. For this purpose it is necessary to choose an equal horizontal site of road. The car should get under way smoothly, without pushes and jerks, and to behave as at consecutive transition to higher transfers. However, jerks and pushes are not the main thing. Proslipping - here основный a sign faulty АКП. By sharp pressing an accelerator pedal at speed to 100 km/hour АКП it should be switched to lower transfer.
If there is a possibility, put the car on a viewing hole or the lift and look on АКП from below - whether there are no there oil smudges? Oil leaks, when to a box is obvious нездоровится.
But here there was of what you most of all were afraid. "Automatic machine" should be repaired. We will count up, such pleasure how many can cost. For a partition removed АКП without cost of spare parts you should pay from 300 to 800 dollars. The price depends on a place of repair, qualification of experts and guarantee certificates. Removal and installation АКП will manage to you in the sum from 150 to 600 dollars (complexity of operation, drive type etc.) . Will cost how many spare parts, to tell difficultly: a price range From 300-3.000 dollars depending on quantity of spare parts. In general, figures sad, also are said by them that is cheap you in any way will not get off. But you easily will expose the potboilers who with gross spelling mistakes repaired and have collected your car: such repair leads to failure АКП already in the first 2-3 days of operation. If on you have palmed off on a detail with latent defects (microcracks, porosity, manufacturing techniques infringement) will understand more difficult: these "surprises" are shown during 2-3 or even 2-6 months, and go understand, whether repairmen are guilty, whether you are not able to address with car.
Usually owners of repaired boxes (80 % addressing) throughout several months marked individual failures АКП. Then also there was a breakage in АКП instead of while the car has absolutely ceased to go. Therefore at occurrence of any short-term malfunctions necessarily address in specialised services on service and repair АКП. Start up you will be reinsured and once again will change oil. But it is much better, than to rise in any backwoods and not to know, what to do.
Some councils: at proslipping occurrence on any of transfers try to exclude this transfer from work АКП, operating a pedal of an accelerator and the selector of switching of modes. If the car does not get under way, remember what to tow the faulty car it is possible only at speed to 50 km/hour on distance of 50 km (the formula 50 х 50). In need of distant towage it is necessary to disconnect the driveshaft (semiaxes). And is better to tow such car with full loading.
We hope that you will not miss with purchase and last council long is not useful to you.
Maintenance service of automatic transmission
Maintenance service Automatic trancemission consists in visual survey АКПП about presence of a leak of oil, in periodic control and доливе oils to operational level or in need of its replacement and realisation of adjustments (if they are provided by the maintenance instruction). We will consider these questions in more details.
Approaching to the car, it is long standing on the dry pure basis (in garage, on parking), never be lazy to glance under the bottom of your faithful horse and to take an interest, whether there were under it oil stains. Their presence testifies to leaks of oil which should be eliminated in due time. It concerns not only АКПП, but also the other units of the car having oil greasing. As oil for automatic transmissions has specific colour, you can find out a leak from АКПП, without waiting a case when you will manage to lift the car on the lift.
Remember: timely detection and malfunction elimination reduces negative consequences to a minimum. About a procedure for test of level of oil it was told earlier, and it is not meaningful to repeat, we will remind only of the main thing: control of level of oil is always carried out at the got and heated-up engine to working temperature. Otherwise the error in measurement can reach 20-25 %.
In Automatic trancemission, supplied with a branch pipe for gauging of level of oil, oil is added directly through a branch pipe. For other designs Automatic trancemission the given procedure can appear much more difficult. In this case it is necessary to read attentively the instruction or to address for the help to experts.
Before drop oils from АКПП it is necessary to warm up the engine to working temperature. Then it is necessary to turn off located in the bottom part of the case of a trancemission a stopper of a drain aperture.
Experts recommend to merge oil as it is possible longer that the maximum quantity of old oil has flowed out. The more time you spend on plums, the better.
Simultaneously with oil replacement it is necessary to change the filtering element located, as a rule, inside АКПП for what remove the pallet картера. The additional quantity of old oil Thus merges.
Anyway completely to merge old oil from a box without its dismantling it is not possible, i.e. to replacement is subject from 50 to 80 % of oil.
After installation of the new oil filter the pallet put into place, close a drain aperture a stopper and through a jellied aperture add new oil.
Attention! At uploading fuel or oil replacement remember: in no event it is impossible to pour oil above the specified level. There is a real danger that oil will be grasped"by friction clutches Automatic trancemission. A consequence of it avalanche foaming and emission of the big portion of oil from Automatic trancemission can be.
Some Automatic trancemission cars "Ford", "Crysler", etc. have bolts for adjustment of a free wheeling of brake tapes. Adjusting bolts can settle down both outside, and inside Automatic trancemission.
Operational instructions provide adjustment carrying out at each replacement of oil.
Procedure consists in a tightening of bolts a key with certain effort and отворачивании them on the number of turns specified in the instruction.
Non-observance of the given rule leads in due course to occurrence of proslipping of frictional tapes on separate transfers or to absence of a gear change in general.
Now in Automatic trancemission oils of mark Dexron are applied. They are made by various firms and differ from each other basically colour. The most part of oils has red (ruby) colour, but there are oils of orange and green colours. Oils of different colour are not recommended to be mixed. In the rest they are completely interchangeable. In some modern АКПП special oils are applied, therefore we urgently recommend to follow maintenance instruction instructions.
Average run before oil replacement in АКПП makes 50-70 thousand in km and if the car is maintained in special divisions this term is reduced to 30-40 thousand in km.
At oil replacement it is necessary to change filter AKPP. For this purpose it is better to resort to the help of experts: they can tell about condition АКПП on presence and a kind of adjournment in the pallet.
Non-observance of terms of replacement of oil will not render sharp influence on working capacity Automatic trancemission. However structural changes in oil lead in due course to its deterioration etc. properties that further will lead to more intensive deterioration of rubbing surfaces and reduction of resource Automatic trancemission.
Practical experience shows that addition of any additives in oil АКПП at the best is useless, and in the worst With is capable to deduce Automatic trancemission out of operation. Therefore we recommend to do without additives, to check level of oil more often and in time it to replace.
At each replacement of oil it is necessary to adjust a tension of brake tapes adjusting bolts
Characteristic malfunctions
There is a big group of the malfunctions anyhow leading to falling of level of oil in trancemission.
If, regularly measuring oil level, you have noticed that it has decreased, first of all inspect АКПП about presence of external leaks. They can appear as a result of infringement of integrity of a lining, сальниковых consolidations and etc.
At detection of leakings of their oil it is necessary to eliminate. The more losses, the it is necessary to undertake repair more likely.
Most terribly a leaking around a socket plane картера АКПП and the engine which reason, as a rule, is infringement of tightness of forward epiploon АКПП. Its replacement is connected with transmission removal that is rather labour-consuming and expensive "pleasure".
If oil level in Automatic trancemission falls, and to find out leak traces it is not possible, reasons can be a little.
One of them About malfunction of the vacuum proof-reader used in automatic transmissions of cars "Mercedes", "Ford", "Dzheneral Motors", "Nissan", etc.
Vacuum proof-reader АКПП is connected by a branch pipe to an inlet collector of the engine. In it there is a membrane reacting to degree of depression in a collector.
At break of a membrane oil from internal cavity trancemission is sucked in in an inlet collector of the engine. Thus increases дымность an exhaust, the smoke gets a grey shade. Intensity smoke depends on degree of destruction of a membrane.
In some cases this defect is accompanied by increase of level of oil in the engine.
To specify the diagnosis, at the first suspicion on malfunction of the vacuum proof-reader it is necessary to disconnect from it a branch pipe and a pure match to check up, whether remains in it of oil. At the serviceable vacuum proof-reader the branch pipe should be dry. If in a branch pipe the oil film is found out, the vacuum proof-reader it is necessary to replace.
This malfunction is rather artful, as its external displays are not too appreciable, and consequences can be catastrophic: Automatic trancemission, compelled long time to work at the lowered quantity of oil, will fail, and in it there will be literally no "live" detail.
Oil infiltration in system of cooling of the engine can be other reason of slow fall of level of oil in АКПП in the absence of traces of external leakings.
In the course of work of automatic transmission oil temperature to raise to 150 S.Dlja maintenance of working capacity it it can is necessary to cool that is in most cases reached by embedding of a radiator of oil system AKPP in system of cooling of the engine, filled with antifreeze. At infringement of tightness of an oil radiator oil from it starts to get to an engine radiator. It occurs because at the working engine pressure in radiator trancemission above pressure of system of cooling of the engine.
When the engine is muffled, the picture changes: antifreeze starts to get in трансмиссионное oil.
At the initial stage on an antifreeze surface under a radiator cover it is possible to find out an oil film.
The further development of the given process leads to occurrence эмульсии both in the engine, and in trancemission. Getting inside Automatic trancemission, antifreeze corrodes a glutinous basis of frictional elements that causes отслоение a frictional layer and corrosion of internal elements, and also worsens lubricant properties of oil.
If this process has begun recently replacement of an oil radiator and two-triple washing of a box by oil change are sometimes capable to revive Automatic trancemission to life.
Washing trancemission can be made only trancemissions oil. Application for this purpose of other liquids is inadmissible.
The conclusion is simple: turn on a cover of a radiator of system of cooling of the engine more often and check antifreeze on presence of traces of oil.
One more widespread malfunction About breakage of the tube connecting trancemission with an oil radiator.
Thus for 1С2 minutes from a box all oil merges, and it ceases to function. If thus the driver has stopped at once and has muffled the engine after replacement of a tube and долива oils to demanded level trancemission in 90 % of cases will restore the working capacity.
A number of malfunctions АКПП is connected with wrong adjustment of a cable (draught) of power management, destruction of its braid or breakage of the cable. Thereof there is an absence of automatic switchings, their delay or premature operation. For elimination of a similar malfunction it is necessary to address in a repair truck.
At operation of automatic transmissions with electronic control from the onboard processor happens that during movement on the instrument panel any warning signal is highlighted. Trancemission it ceases to be switched and allows to continue advance only on one transfer, in a so-called security mode.
It means that the computer has found out in chains of management АКПП or in it any malfunctions demanding elimination. The security mode allows to move without sharp accelerations short time, sufficient to reach the nearest technical station. At movement in a security mode frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine should not exceed 2000 ob. \minutes Non-observance of this rule leads to that the main pressure becomes much more above the box of norm provided by designers. The forward pump, compelled long time to work in an overload mode, does not maintain, and АКПП collapses in the face of literally.
Having reached in a security mode technical station, it is necessary to carry out computer diagnostics of systems AKPP for the purpose of definition of defect and, having found out, to eliminate it.
In summary it would be desirable to tell that all systems of the car are closely interconnected. In most cases normal functioning of one of systems is defined by so stable work of others.
It to the full concerns and automatic transmission for which effective work selection from the engine большей is necessary for capacity, than transmission mechanical demands. As transmission "smoothes" symptoms of many malfunctions of the engine, at breakage nonprofessionals first of all blame automatic transmission while she often appears at anything. By detailed consideration it is found out that transmission is fine, and "has departed" any of engine systems.
Thus, before to be engaged in a transmission, be convinced that the engine, including all its systems (fuel, ignitions, managements), works normally and develops the set capacity.
Approaching to the car, it is long standing on the dry pure basis (in garage, on parking), never be lazy to glance under the bottom of your faithful horse and to take an interest, whether there were under it oil stains. Their presence testifies to leaks of oil which should be eliminated in due time. It concerns not only АКПП, but also the other units of the car having oil greasing. As oil for automatic transmissions has specific colour, you can find out a leak from АКПП, without waiting a case when you will manage to lift the car on the lift.
Remember: timely detection and malfunction elimination reduces negative consequences to a minimum. About a procedure for test of level of oil it was told earlier, and it is not meaningful to repeat, we will remind only of the main thing: control of level of oil is always carried out at the got and heated-up engine to working temperature. Otherwise the error in measurement can reach 20-25 %.
In Automatic trancemission, supplied with a branch pipe for gauging of level of oil, oil is added directly through a branch pipe. For other designs Automatic trancemission the given procedure can appear much more difficult. In this case it is necessary to read attentively the instruction or to address for the help to experts.
Before drop oils from АКПП it is necessary to warm up the engine to working temperature. Then it is necessary to turn off located in the bottom part of the case of a trancemission a stopper of a drain aperture.
Experts recommend to merge oil as it is possible longer that the maximum quantity of old oil has flowed out. The more time you spend on plums, the better.
Simultaneously with oil replacement it is necessary to change the filtering element located, as a rule, inside АКПП for what remove the pallet картера. The additional quantity of old oil Thus merges.
Anyway completely to merge old oil from a box without its dismantling it is not possible, i.e. to replacement is subject from 50 to 80 % of oil.
After installation of the new oil filter the pallet put into place, close a drain aperture a stopper and through a jellied aperture add new oil.
Attention! At uploading fuel or oil replacement remember: in no event it is impossible to pour oil above the specified level. There is a real danger that oil will be grasped"by friction clutches Automatic trancemission. A consequence of it avalanche foaming and emission of the big portion of oil from Automatic trancemission can be.
Some Automatic trancemission cars "Ford", "Crysler", etc. have bolts for adjustment of a free wheeling of brake tapes. Adjusting bolts can settle down both outside, and inside Automatic trancemission.
Operational instructions provide adjustment carrying out at each replacement of oil.
Procedure consists in a tightening of bolts a key with certain effort and отворачивании them on the number of turns specified in the instruction.
Non-observance of the given rule leads in due course to occurrence of proslipping of frictional tapes on separate transfers or to absence of a gear change in general.
Now in Automatic trancemission oils of mark Dexron are applied. They are made by various firms and differ from each other basically colour. The most part of oils has red (ruby) colour, but there are oils of orange and green colours. Oils of different colour are not recommended to be mixed. In the rest they are completely interchangeable. In some modern АКПП special oils are applied, therefore we urgently recommend to follow maintenance instruction instructions.
Average run before oil replacement in АКПП makes 50-70 thousand in km and if the car is maintained in special divisions this term is reduced to 30-40 thousand in km.
At oil replacement it is necessary to change filter AKPP. For this purpose it is better to resort to the help of experts: they can tell about condition АКПП on presence and a kind of adjournment in the pallet.
Non-observance of terms of replacement of oil will not render sharp influence on working capacity Automatic trancemission. However structural changes in oil lead in due course to its deterioration etc. properties that further will lead to more intensive deterioration of rubbing surfaces and reduction of resource Automatic trancemission.
Practical experience shows that addition of any additives in oil АКПП at the best is useless, and in the worst With is capable to deduce Automatic trancemission out of operation. Therefore we recommend to do without additives, to check level of oil more often and in time it to replace.
At each replacement of oil it is necessary to adjust a tension of brake tapes adjusting bolts
Characteristic malfunctions
There is a big group of the malfunctions anyhow leading to falling of level of oil in trancemission.
If, regularly measuring oil level, you have noticed that it has decreased, first of all inspect АКПП about presence of external leaks. They can appear as a result of infringement of integrity of a lining, сальниковых consolidations and etc.
At detection of leakings of their oil it is necessary to eliminate. The more losses, the it is necessary to undertake repair more likely.
Most terribly a leaking around a socket plane картера АКПП and the engine which reason, as a rule, is infringement of tightness of forward epiploon АКПП. Its replacement is connected with transmission removal that is rather labour-consuming and expensive "pleasure".
If oil level in Automatic trancemission falls, and to find out leak traces it is not possible, reasons can be a little.
One of them About malfunction of the vacuum proof-reader used in automatic transmissions of cars "Mercedes", "Ford", "Dzheneral Motors", "Nissan", etc.
Vacuum proof-reader АКПП is connected by a branch pipe to an inlet collector of the engine. In it there is a membrane reacting to degree of depression in a collector.
At break of a membrane oil from internal cavity trancemission is sucked in in an inlet collector of the engine. Thus increases дымность an exhaust, the smoke gets a grey shade. Intensity smoke depends on degree of destruction of a membrane.
In some cases this defect is accompanied by increase of level of oil in the engine.
To specify the diagnosis, at the first suspicion on malfunction of the vacuum proof-reader it is necessary to disconnect from it a branch pipe and a pure match to check up, whether remains in it of oil. At the serviceable vacuum proof-reader the branch pipe should be dry. If in a branch pipe the oil film is found out, the vacuum proof-reader it is necessary to replace.
This malfunction is rather artful, as its external displays are not too appreciable, and consequences can be catastrophic: Automatic trancemission, compelled long time to work at the lowered quantity of oil, will fail, and in it there will be literally no "live" detail.
Oil infiltration in system of cooling of the engine can be other reason of slow fall of level of oil in АКПП in the absence of traces of external leakings.
In the course of work of automatic transmission oil temperature to raise to 150 S.Dlja maintenance of working capacity it it can is necessary to cool that is in most cases reached by embedding of a radiator of oil system AKPP in system of cooling of the engine, filled with antifreeze. At infringement of tightness of an oil radiator oil from it starts to get to an engine radiator. It occurs because at the working engine pressure in radiator trancemission above pressure of system of cooling of the engine.
When the engine is muffled, the picture changes: antifreeze starts to get in трансмиссионное oil.
At the initial stage on an antifreeze surface under a radiator cover it is possible to find out an oil film.
The further development of the given process leads to occurrence эмульсии both in the engine, and in trancemission. Getting inside Automatic trancemission, antifreeze corrodes a glutinous basis of frictional elements that causes отслоение a frictional layer and corrosion of internal elements, and also worsens lubricant properties of oil.
If this process has begun recently replacement of an oil radiator and two-triple washing of a box by oil change are sometimes capable to revive Automatic trancemission to life.
Washing trancemission can be made only trancemissions oil. Application for this purpose of other liquids is inadmissible.
The conclusion is simple: turn on a cover of a radiator of system of cooling of the engine more often and check antifreeze on presence of traces of oil.
One more widespread malfunction About breakage of the tube connecting trancemission with an oil radiator.
Thus for 1С2 minutes from a box all oil merges, and it ceases to function. If thus the driver has stopped at once and has muffled the engine after replacement of a tube and долива oils to demanded level trancemission in 90 % of cases will restore the working capacity.
A number of malfunctions АКПП is connected with wrong adjustment of a cable (draught) of power management, destruction of its braid or breakage of the cable. Thereof there is an absence of automatic switchings, their delay or premature operation. For elimination of a similar malfunction it is necessary to address in a repair truck.
At operation of automatic transmissions with electronic control from the onboard processor happens that during movement on the instrument panel any warning signal is highlighted. Trancemission it ceases to be switched and allows to continue advance only on one transfer, in a so-called security mode.
It means that the computer has found out in chains of management АКПП or in it any malfunctions demanding elimination. The security mode allows to move without sharp accelerations short time, sufficient to reach the nearest technical station. At movement in a security mode frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine should not exceed 2000 ob. \minutes Non-observance of this rule leads to that the main pressure becomes much more above the box of norm provided by designers. The forward pump, compelled long time to work in an overload mode, does not maintain, and АКПП collapses in the face of literally.
Having reached in a security mode technical station, it is necessary to carry out computer diagnostics of systems AKPP for the purpose of definition of defect and, having found out, to eliminate it.
In summary it would be desirable to tell that all systems of the car are closely interconnected. In most cases normal functioning of one of systems is defined by so stable work of others.
It to the full concerns and automatic transmission for which effective work selection from the engine большей is necessary for capacity, than transmission mechanical demands. As transmission "smoothes" symptoms of many malfunctions of the engine, at breakage nonprofessionals first of all blame automatic transmission while she often appears at anything. By detailed consideration it is found out that transmission is fine, and "has departed" any of engine systems.
Thus, before to be engaged in a transmission, be convinced that the engine, including all its systems (fuel, ignitions, managements), works normally and develops the set capacity.
Whether it is possible to tow the car equipped car with "automatic trancemission"?
It is possible - having established the selector in position "N" and strictly adhering to restrictions of range and the speed, usually resulted in the instruction. If they are not specified, use the formula "50х50", that is be towed on distance to 50 km with a speed not above 50 km/h. In need of more distant towage is better to separate transmission. Such measure as having added superfluous oil in a box, to some extent will help, but considerably position will not improve. The matter is that its some elements are greased under pressure from the hydropump - to them oil will not get самотеком even at the raised level. If the engine has kept working capacity, safely start up it and be towed (also on "neutral"), gasoline will not come to an end yet. If the motor does not work, but the starter is serviceable, it will be useful to include it each 10-15 kilometres for 8-10 seconds. Some models of cars were in addition equipped трансмиссионным with the pump earlier - restrictions on towage do not concern them. Besides, it gave the chance start-up "from a pusher" that at more modern cars with "automatic machine" it is impossible.
- How to prolong life to an automatic box?
- The general rule: the more easy you go, the the box will long serve. As most tensely it works during the gear change moments at intensive dispersal, having accustomed and having learnt them to foresee, try hardly to dump before them gas. At a total load of the car or towage of the heavy trailer it is possible to recommend dispersal till speed of kilometres forty at an o'clock at position of the selector "1", and then switching in a mode "D". If there was a refusal, let individual, it is better to address at once to experts. The further operation can aggravate malfunction - then repair will appear repeatedly more expensively.
- What oils are used in "automatic machines"?
- Only mineral oils of series АTF, usually marks "Deksron" (Dexron) with various numerical indexes. All of them of red colour also suppose mixing in various proportions. Them "ходимость" - a minimum of 50-70 thousand kilometres, the price - from three to nine dollars for litre. In a car box fill in 6-9 l, and here it will be necessary for all-wheel drive "Ford-Bronko" all 18. Recently, especially by the French cars, use oils of yellow and green colour. To mix them with "Deksronom" it is inadmissible! It is undesirable to add in oil and any restoring additives. From it we did not meet real positive results, and here the boxes ruined by different additives came across from time to time.
Automatic transmission "Borg-Uorner-35":
1 – a turbine wheel; 2 – a pump wheel; 3 – a reactor wheel; 4 – a reactor shaft; 5 – a primary shaft of a planetary reducer; 6 – the main oil pump; 7 – a friction clutch II and III transfers; 8 – a brake I and II transfers; 9 – a friction clutch of III transfer and backing transfer; 10 – муфта a free wheeling of I transfer; 11 – a backing brake; 12 – the first intermediate shaft; 13 – the second intermediate shaft; 14 – a drum with a gear wreath; 15 – a centrifugal regulator; 16 – a secondary shaft; 17 – the gear change mechanism; 18 – the throttle valve; 19 – a cam.
- Whether it is possible to repair an automatic box independently?
- In general - yes if the cause of a failure (for example, deterioration of friction clutches because of shortage of oil is clear). But "automatic machine" - the unit difficult and is much more often the reason insufficient pressure in any highway can, for example. Thus "opening" about what will not tell to the nonspecialist. Repair, namely malfunction diagnostics is most combined not.
- Where in that case to repair?
- The most expensive variant - in firm service where a faulty box, most likely, will replace restored or new. Its cost depending on model - from three to nine thousand dollars plus payment of work and sometimes - a minus residual cost of the faulty unit.
Other variant - repair in small firm at which choice it is necessary to consider that, as a rule, tells versatility about low professional level. Such firms, ready to undertake any work, it is a lot of - in one Moscow ten ones and a half. But doing really high-quality repair and specialising only on automatic boxes - only three-four. Quotations in them are that: removal - "automatic machine" installation - 300-600 dollars, repair - 400-1000, spare parts for repair of average volume - 500-1000.
The third, well-known variant - repair at any garage "uncle Vasi". Quality and quotations here at times are any, and the bottom lath - at level of three hundred-four hundred dollars. For the owner such repair can turn back a headache. Recently to us have driven the car which box has already visited hands "умельца". Because of wrong assemblage the most expensive part of the unit has become unfit for use - has burst картер, and repair has managed twice more expensively than if have addressed to experts at once.
At last, it is possible to buy for replacement "бэушный" the unit for one thousand-one and a half dollars. But be ready to that it can appear even worse yours. And let will not mislead fresh "серебрянка" by which everything is covered, up to rubber consolidations - so "restore" the boxes taken from automobile dumps more often.
- How will long serve "automatic machine" after repair?
- Touched at experts - ненамного new, 120-150 thousand kilometres.
- Whether it is possible to replace an automatic box with the mechanical?
- This operation is rather difficult, though basically is possible. To replace the car on similar with "mechanics" easier.
- What features of boxes of various marks of cars?
- All automatic boxes are reliable enough, but German, for example, distinguishes high quality of study and manufacturing even minor details to which Americans give less attention. "Fordovsky" boxes improve constantly, even in the course of release of the same model of the car. So "Torus" which "automatic machine" first quite often failed, has a year or two from now received quite reliable unit. The Japanese technics is rather simple, traditionally compact and abounds with electronics. But, probably, owing to national restriction of speed (100 km/h), details of boxes frequently have unimportant dynamic balancing that sometimes leads to destruction of bearings of sliding.
- What contingent of your clients?
- The diversified. Basically it is those who gets automobile "sekond - a hand" though there are also cars of members of the government, ФСК and even managements of protection of the president. Besides, our experts advise ГОН - Garage of special function concerning operation of automatic boxes.
- Tell, and whether is at ATG any independent workings out?
- We have developed and have patented automatic transmissions for all front-wheel VAZs, including cars of the "tenth" family, "Moskvicha-2141" and Izh - 2126 "Orbit". Actually "automatic" part at them is identical. But that the most valuable - our "automatic machines" are mounted instead of regular mechanical boxes without any alterations of the car. Invariable there are even drives or the driveshaft. That these workings out have gone to a series, interest of car factories and considerable means which they yet have no is necessary. But we hope that sometime and buyers of the domestic car can choose between usual "mechanics" and "automatic machine".
There is an opinion that for conditions of Russia automatic boxes do not approach...
Some years in connection with financial crisis of factory and actual cessation of work over automobile governmental ЗИЛом engineers of bureau are in termless administrative holiday. But they have managed to find application of the professionalism, having created firm on repair of automatic transmissions. Through their hands have passed tens marks and hundred models, so a word - to experts.
Whether it is possible, what is called, "on fingers", to explain a principle of work of an automatic transmission?
I will try. Imagine a usual mechanical box with gear wheels of constant gearing - we will tell, such, as at VAZ-2108. In it steams of gear wheels are in the constant contact, thus conducted freely rotate. Including any transfer, you mechanically block a corresponding gear wheel on conducted to a shaft. In an automatic box, speaking in images, about each gear wheel there is a frictional element which at inclusion fixes it on a shaft by means of forces of a friction. And to exclude jerks in transmission at a gear change, on a place of habitual coupling the hydrotransformer rotating in a casing filled with oil is established. Проскальзывание butter layers, first, демпфирует jerks, and secondly, the additional increase in the transfer relation, in a range from 1 to approximately 2 provides. For clearness we considered the elementary двухвальную a box. So are designed "хондовские" "automatic machines". In automatic boxes of the majority of other marks planetary reducers, as a rule, are used.
There is an opinion that for conditions of Russia automatic boxes do not approach...
The American firms have the selector of an automatic box on a wheel, and a scale of the index of its positions – on the panel of devices more often. The pictogramme "D" in a framework designates "overdrive" – an overdrive gear.
It is necessary to search for its sources, most likely, in usual neglect elementary service regulations and in conviction that any, even it is possible to repair the most difficult unit, having in an active only self-confidence and pair of wrenches. As to our roads the suspension bracket much more suffers from them.
What basic advantages and lacks of an automatic transmission in comparison with the mechanical?
The main advantage - in ease of driving that is especially convenient, say, in a city with its stoppers. It is enough to remove a foot from a brake pedal - and the car starts to move. Besides, thanking демпфирующим to properties of the hydrotransformer and absence of rigid mechanical communication between the engine and transmission a resource of the last increases on 20-30 %. A payment for it - higher price and complexity of a design of an automatic box at a little smaller, than at mechanical, a resource and necessity of the qualified service.
What resource of "automatic machine"?
In Europe a traditional place of the selector of "automatic machine" – a floor tunnel.
On the average 150-200 thousand kilometres at competent operation. I mean regular control of level of oil, its replacement together with the filter and "unsportsmanlike" style of driving. The last demands an explanation. At "automatic machine" switching растормаживаются one and затормаживаются other groups of frictional elements. Naturally, the the big capacity is developed by the engine, the more intensively they wear out. For example, at bench tests the automatic box of "the Jeep - of Cheroki" has sustained twelve thousand cycles нагружения, each of which simulated step dispersal with braking at full use of capacity of the engine. It is possible to count up, "automatic machine" how much will suffice "the racer", trying to win each start from a traffic light. At the quiet driver at regular service the box will pass also a half-million of kilometres.
How much with an automatic box dynamic indicators and fuel consumption of the car differ from a variant from the mechanical?
Dynamic indicators and profitability of the car with the automatic machine usually on 5-10 % are worse, than with "mechanics". However, the last does not concern newest "automatic machines": optimisation of computer management does the cars equipped with them even more economically variants with mechanical boxes. Many cars have nowadays compulsory blocking of the transformer - she also allows to lower the expense of gasoline on highway. By the way, some models are equipped by the device interfering transition to the higher transfer if the engine yet has not got warm.
How to estimate a condition of an automatic box at car purchase "from hands"?
As a first approximation it is possible to judge its condition to following signs. In - the first, measured щупом in a box oil level at the working engine should settle down in an admissible range. Deviations in any party can result (if any more have not resulted) in breakages. Secondly, oil should be transparent and, as a rule, red colour. The small suspension well appreciable on a white paper, brown and furthermore black colour of oil testify, at least, to strong deterioration of friction clutches and future repair. Thirdly, it is necessary to glance under the car. Made oily картер boxes - it doesn't matter, short of that it is necessary to add oil continually. Worse if its decrease has not been in due time noticed - with all possible consequences. At last, fourthly, at dispersal automatics should smoothly, without jerks, "touch" all without a transfer exception, up to the higher. If all these conditions are observed, the box in working order and still will serve. In general, as a rule, if to the car more than ten years and its run for two hundred thousand - be ready to repair.
What it is necessary to know to the person who for the first time has sat down for a wheel of the car with an automatic trancemission?
On some models the selector moves in a step groove. It is made for convenience of switching "blindly", to the touch.
To begin with it is necessary to understand designations of modes of its work. Usually their five - six also join they the lever-selector. "Р" - from English "parking" when transmission is separated with the engine, and the target shaft of a box is rigidly blocked. By the way, in order to avoid stopper breakage to include this mode it is possible only by completely motionless car. "R" - "backspacing", a backing. "N" - "neutral" - the same, as "parking", but without blocking of driving wheels." D "or" OD "-" a drive "when the box touches consistently all transfers of a forward course, up to accelerating"overdrive"if that is available. All named modes also are desirable for including by completely braked car. Effective receptions of driving, on film insurgents when the backing in full operation"is stuck"and wheels begin acquaintances with squeal and a smoke to turn in the opposite direction, will reduce life of an automatic box about several minutes. Modes" 3 "," 2 "and" 1 ", sometimes designated by alphabetic symbols, allow to limit a switching range only to corresponding quantity of the lowest transfers. To include them it is possible on the move, for example, in mountains, at towage of the heavy trailer or overcoming a site of bad road. Unique restriction - not to exceed admissible turns of the engine. Selector transfer in position "1" for the speed of 90 km/h, of course, will not give so strong sensations as with "mechanics", but experiences such nevertheless should be avoided.
On some models of cars nearby from the selector there is a small switch with pictogrammes or alphabetic symbols. Most often meeting designations "S", "N", "E", "M" correspond to standard, normal, economic and "mechanical" algorithms of work of "automatic machine". Two first are almost equivalent. Economic allows the engine to work in a range of the least fuel consumption on unit of developed capacity. Near to "Е" the snowflake is sometimes drawn - this mode with moderate enough twisting moment on wheels is good for use in the winter. "The mechanical" range allows to work as the selector, as the lever of the usual, mechanical box equipped with automatic coupling.
Controls of the car with "automatic machine" have one more essential difference: here only two pedals - an accelerator and, unusually wide, brakes. At many drivers using a mechanical box, the most true stereotype of braking was developed steady, though not: by pressing by the right foot a brake left automatically squeezes out coupling. That, having forgotten, not to press both feet on "spacious" pedal of a brake, blocking wheels, at first it is better to hold the left foot more close to a seat.
At the majority of cars with an automatic box the mode "кик даун" when at sharp, to a floor, pressing an accelerator for maintenance of intensive dispersal, there is a compulsory switching on one-two transfers "downwards" is provided. On many modern models such transition occurs at short pressed gas.
What features driving with "automatic machine" has?
Not too it is a lot of them. "Neutral" in usual modes of movement is used seldom enough. For example, moving накатом, the selector is better for leaving in that position in which it was before. Thus the box will pass to higher of the resolved transfers and will provide the minimum braking by the engine. If you slid in a mode "N", the subsequent transition in "D" will force to wait a little with "a gas summer residence" some seconds necessary for an exit of a box on the necessary transfer.
There is an opinion that, standing on a traffic light, it is necessary to pass in "N" as in a mode "D" something there revolves and wears out. Actually it not so, all elements of a box are immobilised, friction clutches the first transfer and only the engine pump empty are clamped, included pumps over oil. Movement in this case begins without proslipping of pairs a friction which enter work only at transition to the second transfer. Transition from a mode "N" in "D" forces them to work once again. On a city trip it is better to exclude the higher transfer, having translated the selector from a range "OD" in "D" or, for lack of "overdrive", from "D" in "3".
It is considered that with "automatic machine" it is heavy to go in the winter. How much обоснованно such opinion?
It not absolutely so. In "regular" modes of enough usual safety measure - softer work as controls. Another matter on a slippery covering, in snow, on sand.
With "mechanics" the moment of the beginning of rotation of wheels and its speed can be supervised precisely enough accelerator and coupling. With "automatic machine" this moment depends only on turns of the engine and to catch it difficult enough. And as resistance of a revolving wheel is less, than motionless, the motor there and then starts it to untwist and the car "is dug in". Thus, as one wheel is usually turned only, because of a hard work the differential can fail. In this case gains knowledge of some receptions. First, it is impossible, by analogy to a mechanical box, to try to "shake" the car is a certain way to ruin a box. Secondly, if be going to move forward, the selector should be in the position corresponding to the most lowest transfer, for example "1". And in - the third, at троганье it is necessary to work as a brake pedal in the same way, as a coupling pedal on the car with a mechanical box. That is, having pressed a brake and having lifted engine turns, smoothly растормаживать wheels, without supposing them раскручивания. By the way, at correctly adjusted brakes this reception plays a role of original blocking of differential.
Automatic transemissions 3
Replacement process трансмиссионной liquids and an estimation of degree of its deterioration are not absolutely simple, but, if to use our recommendations, can be executed independently. Certainly, it is possible to be limited and well-known, primitive way which consists only in a reversing of a drain stopper and its returning to the place after отекания liquids, but we urgently recommend through each 3000 km of run for replacement трансмиссионной liquids to use the following technology:
1. To organise an easy approach to the transmission pallet, having tired out the car on a platform or having lifted a jack (having provided, of course, the safety).
2. To turn out a drain stopper and to merge трансмиссионную a liquid.
3. To wrap a drain stopper into place and, without applying the big efforts, to tighten it.
4. To turn out all bolts located on perimetre of the oil pallet of a transmission, and it is accurate not to damage a lining, to separate the pallet from the transmission case. Without merging the liquid rests, to clean it aside for the analysis.
5. To find on the bottom part of a surface клапанной boxes the filter for трансмиссионной liquids, to remove it for washing and the analysis of products of the deterioration which has collected in it. The filter represents the metal grid concluded in the steel case.
6. To carry out the analysis of products of the deterioration which is in the filter and the pallet. Deterioration products can consist of a steel, brass and aluminium shaving, black lamellar чешуек and a large plastic shaving. The aluminium and brass shaving results from deterioration of bearings of sliding. At normal degree of deterioration it appears in the form of a grey touch on an internal surface of the pallet, the filter case, magnets and is present in трансмиссионной liquids in the form of very small suspension. The steel shaving arises from deterioration of steel bearings качения, shaft, gear wheels, etc. In norm it can be present only at very scanty quantities, as the product which has remained still since extra earnings of knots in a transmission. Большее its quantity testifies to an emergency condition of the automatic machine. Presence of a great number of black lamellar particles speaks about the beginning of process of fast deterioration of frictional disks, after some time inevitably conducting to breakage. As presence of a large plastic shaving which arises in connection with failure of various gear wheels and the bearings of sliding made of polymeric materials is inadmissible. While in service deterioration products hammer in apertures in сеточке the filter and sharply reduce receipt трансмиссионной liquids, as a result transmission necessarily fails.
7. To wash out in kerosene gasoline or other liquid the pallet and сеточку the filter. For removal of products of deterioration it is possible to use compressed air from the compressor or the pump. In this case it is not recommended to use rags, as it leaves pile on a surface of wiped details. Washed off трансмиссионной a liquid, it corks the filter. If the case of the pallet or the filter is bent, and throughput on a liquid is reduced, it also can lead to automatic machine breakage, therefore it is necessary to try to give them an initial condition or to replace. The cleared magnets come back in the transmission pallet.
8. The washed out filter трансмиссионной liquids is established on the place and carefully drawn by fixing bolts.
9. The prepared pallet together with magnets and a lining needs to be established on a regular place. If the lining is damaged, its surface is recommended to be processed hermetic. The effort of an inhaling of bolts should not be very great, as it can lead to lining damage and then the liquid leak is inevitable.
10. Pouring трансмиссионной liquids in a transmission is carried out through mine щупа. Level should correspond to the labels specified on щупе. At the moment of gauging the car engine should work, and the lever of a choice of a mode of movement is necessary for establishing in position "N" this results from the fact that in this position to all rubbing details greasing moves and are filled all обвоздушенные transmission cavities. The volume of updated oil fluctuates in limits from three to five litres depending on make of the car.
For earlier and more exact definition of malfunction there are some operations and verifying tests. However we urgently recommend not to abuse them and, in order to avoid breakages, to observe security measures.
The most simple is "the time lag Test".
In an engine operating time, idling, at installation of the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in position "D" or "R" from a neutral position before operation will be felt, there should be a time lag. The purpose of carrying out of the given test is check of working capacity of knots and transmission mechanisms. With a view of safety and prevention of breakages it is necessary:
- Before test carrying out it is good to warm up a transmission, the temperature of automatic transmission should make not less than 50 - 80°С;
- For quality achievement of check it is necessary to make not less than three measurements and to define their average size;
- For preservation of high working capacity of an automatic transmission between measurements minute breaks necessarily should become.
"The time lag test" is spent as follows:
1. Completely extend the lever of a manual brake.
2. Start the engine.
3. Check up frequency of rotation of the engine idling in a range "N".
For example, frequency of single turns for the engine 3S-F should make 800 rpm, for 3S-FE to be in limits from 700 to 750 rpm, and for the engine 4A-F to correspond 800 - 900 rpm. If single turns of the engine do not correspond to norm results of measurement too will be incorrect, and the test should be repeated.
4. Translate the lever of a choice of a mode of movement from a position "N" in a range "D".
5. Using a stop watch, measure time from the beginning of movement of the handle till the moment of operation of transmission. Measurements are recommended to be spent not less than three times and to define their average value. In this case the time lag should make no more than 1,2 seconds.
6. Using the same way, spend measurements at switching from a range "N" in "R". In this case the time lag should not exceed 1,5 seconds.
Estimating results of the spent test, you should recognise that in the presence of any breakage operation time can increase only. To find out the reason and eliminate malfunction the professional can only. Therefore you should address urgently in the corresponding service enterprise.
Also "the Lay test" is simple enough. Its purpose - check of working qualities of the engine, the hydrotransformer and a transmission as a whole.
For safety and an exception of breakages it is necessary:
- To carry out the test for light enough and wide site;
- The test should be spent by two masters working in steam: one of them should observe of wheels or their stoppers and immediately warn about a procollar of wheels or moving of stoppers whereas the second master conducts tests and writes down measurements;
- Duration of carrying out of the test should not exceed five seconds.
Carrying out of the test and estimation of its results:
1. Necessarily fix forward and back wheels.
2. If it is necessary, establish a tachometre.
3. Completely extend the lever of a parking brake.
4. Press on a pedal of a brake the left foot and keep it in this position during all test.
5. Get the engine.
6. Establish the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "D".
7. Pressing a pedal of gas the right foot against the stop, measure tachometre indications.
8. Make a break lasting not less than one minute.
Repeat the test, having established the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "R".
At an estimation of this test it is necessary to know that by each pressing of a pedal of gas of the marksman of a tachometre should rise and stop smoothly on certain turns. For example, for engines 4A-F, 3S-F and 3S-FE frequency of turns should be in limits from 1950 to 2350 rpm. Thus there should be no extraneous noise, vibrations and blows, and the car should remain on a place.
If tachometre indications do not correspond to norm:
- It is less than face value, but are identical in both ranges ("D" and "R"), - more often the reason is concluded in insufficient capacity of the engine;
- Above face value in both ranges - the reason, most likely, is covered in malfunction of the hydrotransformer or a transmission;
- Above face value in one of ranges - it is the most probable that malfunction is concentrated only in a transmission.
Once again we pay your attention that at reception doubtful or negative (from listed above) result to you is better to address to experts.
It is the most difficult to spend and estimate "the Road test" which is spent for definition of presence of points of switching, detection of extraneous noise, vibrations and proslippings in a transmission.
For safety test carrying out should be carried out on wide enough, light, equal and empty site of road; before departure it is necessary to warm up the engine and a transmission well.
Carrying out of "the Road test" and its estimation:
1. Establish the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in position "D" and, gradually pressing a gas pedal, check up presence switching 1 - 2, 2 - 3 and 3 - 4 (after button pressing "0/D"). If is not present any of switching the automatic transmission or its knot of management and control is faulty;
If the switching moments are tightened, the throttle rope (about its check and adjustment we will talk later) is incorrectly adjusted.
2. Fix speed of 70 km/hour in a mode "D" on transfer "0/D" and carry out small pressing a gas pedal. Engine turns should not change sharply. If on a tachometre sharp jump of turns of the engine it is possible to assert is observed that breakage is in the hydrotransformer, and it soon completely will fail.
3. Stop and translate the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "2". Gradually pressing a gas pedal, check up presence of switching 1 - 2. Moving on the second transfer.отпустите a pedal of an accelerator also pay attention to presence of braking by the engine. Having repeated some times this operation, make sure that switchings 1 - 2, 2 - 1 are not accompanied by vibration, blows or проскальзыванием. If the negative phenomena are not present, the box is in a good condition.
4. Completely stop and, having moved the lever to position "L", smoothly pressing a gas pedal, be convinced of absence of switching on the second step, and also check up presence of braking by the engine at отпускании gas pedals. By repeated pressing and отпускании gas pedals listen to work of a transmission for revealing of extraneous noise and vibrations. If there is a switching on the second step or not braking by the engine the management and control knot is faulty.
5. Stop and, having switched in a range "R", sharply press a gas pedal. Having convinced of absence of proslippings, vibrations and extraneous noise, continue testing.
6. Having established the car on an inclined site, with a bias nearby 5 °, move the lever of a choice of a mode of movement to position "Р" and отпуститe a brake. The car should be fixed on a place; if the car rolls down, it is necessary to search for the reason in malfunction of the mechanism of a parking of the automatic machine.
We remind that at test carrying out it is necessary to pay special attention on presence of extraneous noise and vibrations. To concern them it is necessary with due responsibility as these noise and vibrations can be caused disbalance of the hydrotransformer, a leading shaft, etc. that can lead to emergency creation.
Important detail in management of the automatic machine - a throttle rope. It connects the mechanism of management and control of an automatic transmission to sector throttle заслонки the engine which is set in motion from a gas pedal. This detail also is the means reflecting desire of the driver. It represents the metal rope concluded in a plastic casing, rigidly fixed with both parties. At long operation the plastic casing dries up, is shortened and gets out of the seats as a result of change of its length. Management of the automatic machine becomes incorrect, and he answers the driver with incorrect actions. For elimination of this malfunction it is necessary to be convinced of absence of ruptures, places оплавления and sharp excesses, and having repaired seats of a plastic casing, anew it to adjust:
1. After repair to check up ease вытягивания, and the main thing, return of a throttle rope in a casing.
2. To weaken adjusting nuts.
3. Completely to press a pedal of gas and adjusting nuts to establish a rope in such position at which the stopper will leave a protective rubber casing no more than on millimetre.
4. Accurately to tighten adjusting nuts and only after that to release a gas pedal.
5. Repeatedly pressing a gas pedal, to check up quality of adjustment.
Having done all tests set forth above, it is possible to define precisely enough a condition of automatic transmission, earlier to reveal arising malfunctions and to eliminate them.
1. To organise an easy approach to the transmission pallet, having tired out the car on a platform or having lifted a jack (having provided, of course, the safety).
2. To turn out a drain stopper and to merge трансмиссионную a liquid.
3. To wrap a drain stopper into place and, without applying the big efforts, to tighten it.
4. To turn out all bolts located on perimetre of the oil pallet of a transmission, and it is accurate not to damage a lining, to separate the pallet from the transmission case. Without merging the liquid rests, to clean it aside for the analysis.
5. To find on the bottom part of a surface клапанной boxes the filter for трансмиссионной liquids, to remove it for washing and the analysis of products of the deterioration which has collected in it. The filter represents the metal grid concluded in the steel case.
6. To carry out the analysis of products of the deterioration which is in the filter and the pallet. Deterioration products can consist of a steel, brass and aluminium shaving, black lamellar чешуек and a large plastic shaving. The aluminium and brass shaving results from deterioration of bearings of sliding. At normal degree of deterioration it appears in the form of a grey touch on an internal surface of the pallet, the filter case, magnets and is present in трансмиссионной liquids in the form of very small suspension. The steel shaving arises from deterioration of steel bearings качения, shaft, gear wheels, etc. In norm it can be present only at very scanty quantities, as the product which has remained still since extra earnings of knots in a transmission. Большее its quantity testifies to an emergency condition of the automatic machine. Presence of a great number of black lamellar particles speaks about the beginning of process of fast deterioration of frictional disks, after some time inevitably conducting to breakage. As presence of a large plastic shaving which arises in connection with failure of various gear wheels and the bearings of sliding made of polymeric materials is inadmissible. While in service deterioration products hammer in apertures in сеточке the filter and sharply reduce receipt трансмиссионной liquids, as a result transmission necessarily fails.
7. To wash out in kerosene gasoline or other liquid the pallet and сеточку the filter. For removal of products of deterioration it is possible to use compressed air from the compressor or the pump. In this case it is not recommended to use rags, as it leaves pile on a surface of wiped details. Washed off трансмиссионной a liquid, it corks the filter. If the case of the pallet or the filter is bent, and throughput on a liquid is reduced, it also can lead to automatic machine breakage, therefore it is necessary to try to give them an initial condition or to replace. The cleared magnets come back in the transmission pallet.
8. The washed out filter трансмиссионной liquids is established on the place and carefully drawn by fixing bolts.
9. The prepared pallet together with magnets and a lining needs to be established on a regular place. If the lining is damaged, its surface is recommended to be processed hermetic. The effort of an inhaling of bolts should not be very great, as it can lead to lining damage and then the liquid leak is inevitable.
10. Pouring трансмиссионной liquids in a transmission is carried out through mine щупа. Level should correspond to the labels specified on щупе. At the moment of gauging the car engine should work, and the lever of a choice of a mode of movement is necessary for establishing in position "N" this results from the fact that in this position to all rubbing details greasing moves and are filled all обвоздушенные transmission cavities. The volume of updated oil fluctuates in limits from three to five litres depending on make of the car.
For earlier and more exact definition of malfunction there are some operations and verifying tests. However we urgently recommend not to abuse them and, in order to avoid breakages, to observe security measures.
The most simple is "the time lag Test".
In an engine operating time, idling, at installation of the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in position "D" or "R" from a neutral position before operation will be felt, there should be a time lag. The purpose of carrying out of the given test is check of working capacity of knots and transmission mechanisms. With a view of safety and prevention of breakages it is necessary:
- Before test carrying out it is good to warm up a transmission, the temperature of automatic transmission should make not less than 50 - 80°С;
- For quality achievement of check it is necessary to make not less than three measurements and to define their average size;
- For preservation of high working capacity of an automatic transmission between measurements minute breaks necessarily should become.
"The time lag test" is spent as follows:
1. Completely extend the lever of a manual brake.
2. Start the engine.
3. Check up frequency of rotation of the engine idling in a range "N".
For example, frequency of single turns for the engine 3S-F should make 800 rpm, for 3S-FE to be in limits from 700 to 750 rpm, and for the engine 4A-F to correspond 800 - 900 rpm. If single turns of the engine do not correspond to norm results of measurement too will be incorrect, and the test should be repeated.
4. Translate the lever of a choice of a mode of movement from a position "N" in a range "D".
5. Using a stop watch, measure time from the beginning of movement of the handle till the moment of operation of transmission. Measurements are recommended to be spent not less than three times and to define their average value. In this case the time lag should make no more than 1,2 seconds.
6. Using the same way, spend measurements at switching from a range "N" in "R". In this case the time lag should not exceed 1,5 seconds.
Estimating results of the spent test, you should recognise that in the presence of any breakage operation time can increase only. To find out the reason and eliminate malfunction the professional can only. Therefore you should address urgently in the corresponding service enterprise.
Also "the Lay test" is simple enough. Its purpose - check of working qualities of the engine, the hydrotransformer and a transmission as a whole.
For safety and an exception of breakages it is necessary:
- To carry out the test for light enough and wide site;
- The test should be spent by two masters working in steam: one of them should observe of wheels or their stoppers and immediately warn about a procollar of wheels or moving of stoppers whereas the second master conducts tests and writes down measurements;
- Duration of carrying out of the test should not exceed five seconds.
Carrying out of the test and estimation of its results:
1. Necessarily fix forward and back wheels.
2. If it is necessary, establish a tachometre.
3. Completely extend the lever of a parking brake.
4. Press on a pedal of a brake the left foot and keep it in this position during all test.
5. Get the engine.
6. Establish the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "D".
7. Pressing a pedal of gas the right foot against the stop, measure tachometre indications.
8. Make a break lasting not less than one minute.
Repeat the test, having established the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "R".
At an estimation of this test it is necessary to know that by each pressing of a pedal of gas of the marksman of a tachometre should rise and stop smoothly on certain turns. For example, for engines 4A-F, 3S-F and 3S-FE frequency of turns should be in limits from 1950 to 2350 rpm. Thus there should be no extraneous noise, vibrations and blows, and the car should remain on a place.
If tachometre indications do not correspond to norm:
- It is less than face value, but are identical in both ranges ("D" and "R"), - more often the reason is concluded in insufficient capacity of the engine;
- Above face value in both ranges - the reason, most likely, is covered in malfunction of the hydrotransformer or a transmission;
- Above face value in one of ranges - it is the most probable that malfunction is concentrated only in a transmission.
Once again we pay your attention that at reception doubtful or negative (from listed above) result to you is better to address to experts.
It is the most difficult to spend and estimate "the Road test" which is spent for definition of presence of points of switching, detection of extraneous noise, vibrations and proslippings in a transmission.
For safety test carrying out should be carried out on wide enough, light, equal and empty site of road; before departure it is necessary to warm up the engine and a transmission well.
Carrying out of "the Road test" and its estimation:
1. Establish the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in position "D" and, gradually pressing a gas pedal, check up presence switching 1 - 2, 2 - 3 and 3 - 4 (after button pressing "0/D"). If is not present any of switching the automatic transmission or its knot of management and control is faulty;
If the switching moments are tightened, the throttle rope (about its check and adjustment we will talk later) is incorrectly adjusted.
2. Fix speed of 70 km/hour in a mode "D" on transfer "0/D" and carry out small pressing a gas pedal. Engine turns should not change sharply. If on a tachometre sharp jump of turns of the engine it is possible to assert is observed that breakage is in the hydrotransformer, and it soon completely will fail.
3. Stop and translate the lever of a choice of a mode of movement in a range "2". Gradually pressing a gas pedal, check up presence of switching 1 - 2. Moving on the second transfer.отпустите a pedal of an accelerator also pay attention to presence of braking by the engine. Having repeated some times this operation, make sure that switchings 1 - 2, 2 - 1 are not accompanied by vibration, blows or проскальзыванием. If the negative phenomena are not present, the box is in a good condition.
4. Completely stop and, having moved the lever to position "L", smoothly pressing a gas pedal, be convinced of absence of switching on the second step, and also check up presence of braking by the engine at отпускании gas pedals. By repeated pressing and отпускании gas pedals listen to work of a transmission for revealing of extraneous noise and vibrations. If there is a switching on the second step or not braking by the engine the management and control knot is faulty.
5. Stop and, having switched in a range "R", sharply press a gas pedal. Having convinced of absence of proslippings, vibrations and extraneous noise, continue testing.
6. Having established the car on an inclined site, with a bias nearby 5 °, move the lever of a choice of a mode of movement to position "Р" and отпуститe a brake. The car should be fixed on a place; if the car rolls down, it is necessary to search for the reason in malfunction of the mechanism of a parking of the automatic machine.
We remind that at test carrying out it is necessary to pay special attention on presence of extraneous noise and vibrations. To concern them it is necessary with due responsibility as these noise and vibrations can be caused disbalance of the hydrotransformer, a leading shaft, etc. that can lead to emergency creation.
Important detail in management of the automatic machine - a throttle rope. It connects the mechanism of management and control of an automatic transmission to sector throttle заслонки the engine which is set in motion from a gas pedal. This detail also is the means reflecting desire of the driver. It represents the metal rope concluded in a plastic casing, rigidly fixed with both parties. At long operation the plastic casing dries up, is shortened and gets out of the seats as a result of change of its length. Management of the automatic machine becomes incorrect, and he answers the driver with incorrect actions. For elimination of this malfunction it is necessary to be convinced of absence of ruptures, places оплавления and sharp excesses, and having repaired seats of a plastic casing, anew it to adjust:
1. After repair to check up ease вытягивания, and the main thing, return of a throttle rope in a casing.
2. To weaken adjusting nuts.
3. Completely to press a pedal of gas and adjusting nuts to establish a rope in such position at which the stopper will leave a protective rubber casing no more than on millimetre.
4. Accurately to tighten adjusting nuts and only after that to release a gas pedal.
5. Repeatedly pressing a gas pedal, to check up quality of adjustment.
Having done all tests set forth above, it is possible to define precisely enough a condition of automatic transmission, earlier to reveal arising malfunctions and to eliminate them.
Automatic transmissions 2
While in service the car there can be erroneous switchings. The most frequent and dangerous error of not skilled driver is moving of the handle to position "R" придвижении forward. The lever of a choice of a mode of movement is designed in such a manner that provides the resolved switchings without pressing of a clamp both at трогании from a place, and during movement. Therefore, if it is necessary for you to move the handle from position "N" to position "D" it can be made, simply having pulled it to itself. However, if you want to translate the lever from position "D" in position "L" or "R" without pressing of a clamp it will not be possible to you. It is made for prevention of breakages and transmission overloads at incorrect/choice a movement mode. Lever installation in position in which it probably to establish only with the pressed fixing button, is carried out or after a full stop (if is necessary to establish "R"), or after delay of movement to a minimum (if is necessary to establish "L").
Design feature of automatic transmissions is the equipment their special system of inclusion of lower transfer. It works by sharp or full pressing of a pedal of gas and allows to increase sharply speed of movement of a vehicle, for example, at overtaking.
Use on high speeds of three-stage automatic transmission involves some over-expenditure of fuel. Therefore the majority of modern automatic transmissions are equipped by the fourth transfer designated by symbols "0/D" or "D4". Usually use of the fourth transfer is initiated compulsorily by means of the push-button switch located on the control panel or on the handle of a choice of a mode of movement. Structurally transmission is executed in such a manner that assumes use of the fourth transfer only on the speed exceeding 40 km/hour, in the traffic conditions, not demanding big twisting moment.
In an intermediate casing, between the engine and a transmission, the hydrotransformer which carries out functions of usual coupling is established. In the course of work this knot filled трансмиссионной with a liquid, bears enough
High loadings also rotates with enough great speed. It not only transfers a twisting moment, absorbs and smoothes engine vibrations, but also puts in action the oil pump which is in the case of a transmission. The oil pump fills трансмиссионной with a liquid the hydrotransformer and creates working pressure in a control system and control. Incorrect the opinion that the car equipped with automatic transmission, it is possible to get compulsorily therefore is, without using a starter, and having dispersed it till high speed. The shesterenchatyj pump receives energy only from the engine and if the engine does not work pressure in a control system and control is not created, in what position there would be no lever of a choice of a mode of movement. Hence, compulsory rotation of the driveshaft does not oblige a transmission to work, and the engine - to rotate.
In the case of the transmission planetary mechanisms are located some, they and provide necessary transfer relations. And transfer of a twisting moment from the engine through planetary mechanisms to wheels occurs to the help of frictional disks, differential and other service devices. Management of all these devices is carried out thanking трансмиссионной liquids through a control system and control.
It is necessary to give special attention to management and control knot. This knot consists from маслосборника (the transmission pallet), шестеренчатого the pump and клапанной boxes. The klapannaja box represents system of channels with the valves located in them and плунжерами which carry out control and management functions. This device will transform speed of movement of the car, loading of the engine and degree of pressing a gas pedal to hydraulic signals. On the basis of these signals, at the expense of consecutive inclusion and an exit from a working condition of frictional blocks, transfer relations in a transmission automatically change.
The liquid used in automatic transmission, carries out the diversified functions: twisting moment transfer to the hydrotransformer from the engine in a transmission, maintenance of functioning of a control system and control, work of frictional blocks, greasing and cooling of rubbing details, etc. Therefore in an automatic transmission is applied the special high-quality mineral oil received from oil and mixed with several special additives. This oil is called as lubricant hydraulic трансмиссионной a liquid. Use of other types of oils reduces operational characteristics and frequently leads to refusal of automatic transmission. The type used трансмиссионной, as a rule, is specified a liquid on oil щупе transmissions or in the certificate of quality of the car. For maintenance of correct functioning of a transmission and its durability it is necessary to support an optimum level and to update a liquid in process of its use. Operation term трансмиссионной is specified a liquid on packing or in the quality certificate in a liquid. However operating experience shows that average periodicity of its replacement makes about 15 000 kilometres. It speaks also that second-hand cars are worn strongly out and are maintained in severe constraints. Besides, the liquid part remains in the hydrotransformer, клапанной a box, the pump and other cavities, therefore it is possible to replace only half of the used volume, i.e. there is only a liquid updating, instead of replacement. In the majority of the cars equipped with automatic transmission, the type liquid "Dexron", "Dexron-II", "Dexron-III" is used. Now in automatic transmissions on type automeans 4WD newer updating of a greasing liquid - type "Т" or "T-II" is used. The specified types трансмиссионной liquids are specially painted in different colours, type "Dexron" - red, and type "Т" - yellow. By it it is underlined what to mix them it is not recommended.
It is necessary to notice also that in the cars equipped with automatic transmissions, the block of the main transfer and a transmission can be divided, and consequently at oil replacement both compartment should be filled separately. In a compartment of the main transfer it is used usual трансмиссионное oil "SAE 85W/90" or domestic "ТАД 17", periodicity of its replacement makes 50 000 km of run.
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